"Sell the losers and let the winners keep riding"

The rule to "Sell the losers and let the winners keep riding" (often phrased as "Cut your losses short and let your profits run") is fundamental to long-term investing success, yet it is one that investors most commonly fail to follow due to behavioral biases.

Here is an elaboration on why this principle is so indisputable, and the psychological pitfalls it helps investors avoid.

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The Principle: Sell the Losers and Let the Winners Keep Riding

This principle is about maximizing the benefits of your correct investment decisions and minimizing the damage from your incorrect ones.

1. The Power of Riding the Winners (Gains)

• Compounding at Work: The goal of long-term investing is to allow compounding to work its magic. When you sell a winner after a pre-determined, small gain (e.g., selling after a 50% rise), you cut off the exponential growth potential.

• The Law of Percentages (Working for You): Once a stock has already doubled or tripled, subsequent small percentage gains translate into massive dollar gains on your original investment. A winning stock only needs to rise by $1\%$ to give you a substantial return on a position that has already grown large.

• Quality Pays Off: High-quality companies that are successful often continue to be successful. Selling them prematurely assumes the market has already fully recognized their value, which often isn't true over a multi-year horizon. As the article states, "No one in the history of investing with a 'sell-after-I-have-tripled-my-money' mentality has ever succeeded."

2. The Urgency of Selling the Losers (Losses)

• Loss Recovery Math: The math behind losses is brutal. The larger the loss, the greater the percentage gain required just to break even.

  • A $20\%$ loss requires a $25\%$ gain to break even.

  • A $50\%$ loss requires a $100\%$ gain to break even.

  • A $90\%$ loss requires a $900\%$ gain to break even.

• Capital Preservation: Selling a loser quickly preserves the remaining capital, allowing you to reallocate that money to an investment with a higher likelihood of generating a profit (i.e., your winners or a new high-conviction idea). Holding onto a hopeless stock ties up capital that could otherwise be working for you.

• Avoiding the "Wish and a Prayer": The longer you hold a loser, the more the decision shifts from rational analysis to emotional "wishing and praying" for a rebound. This is not investing; it's gambling.

3. The Psychological Trap: The Disposition Effect

The biggest obstacle to following this rule is a behavioral bias known as the Disposition Effect. This is the tendency of investors to:

• Sell Winners Too Early: Driven by pride and risk aversion over gains. Realizing the gain gives an immediate feeling of success, and investors fear that the winner will drop back down before they can "lock in" the profit.

• Hold Losers Too Long: Driven by loss aversion and the sunk cost fallacy. Investors feel the pain of a loss twice as strongly as the pleasure of an equal gain. They refuse to sell because realizing the loss means admitting the mistake and closing the mental account at a loss. They hold on, hoping to just "get back to even."

Behavior	Emotional Driver	Result
Sell Winner	Pride, Fear of Regret (Missing out on locking in a gain)	Caps potential profits; limits compounding.
Hold Loser	Loss Aversion, Sunk Cost Fallacy (Refusal to admit mistake)	Exposes capital to greater losses; ties up funds for better opportunities.

4. Practical Implementation

To overcome the emotional biases, implement a disciplined system:

• Establish a Stop-Loss (for Losers): Decide before you invest at what point the fundamental thesis is invalidated, and set a maximum loss you are willing to tolerate (e.g., sell if the stock drops $15\%$ or $20\%$).

• Define a Rationale for Selling (for Winners): The only acceptable reason to sell a winner is that the company's fundamentals have deteriorated (the original thesis is broken), or you have found a significantly better opportunity (opportunity cost). Do not sell simply because the stock is "up a lot."

• Revisit Your Thesis: When a stock falls, revisit your original research. If the company's long-term prospects are unchanged, the dip is a sale. If the core business has fundamentally deteriorated, it's a sell, regardless of how much money you are losing.

This principle is about acting like a cold, rational business owner who cuts failing ventures quickly and generously funds the successful ones, rather than an emotional gambler clinging to past hopes.

Some Investing Principles which cannot be disputed

 

Some Investing Principles which cannot be disputed

Wednesday, 2 September 2009

 https://myinvestingnotes.blogspot.com/2009/09/some-investing-principles-which-cannot.html

Summary of Indisputable Investing Principles

The provided article outlines several key principles for online investors to adopt for long-term success, emphasizing research, discipline, and a focus on the big picture rather than short-term noise.

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1. Managing Winners and Losers

This is perhaps the most difficult principle to practice:

• Ride Your Winners: Do not cap your potential returns by using arbitrary rules (like selling after a specific multiple, e.g., "sell-after-I-have-tripled-my-money"). If a stock is performing well and your research supports its future potential, let it continue to grow.

• Sell Your Losers: It is crucial to be realistic about underperforming investments. Holding onto declining stocks in the hope of a rebound can lead to substantial, potentially complete, losses. Selling losers is an acknowledgment of a mistake, but it prevents greater losses.

• Focus on Merit: In both cases, decisions should be based on research and the company's fundamental merits, not fear or rigid personal rules.

2. Research and Independence

• Ignore "Hot Tips": Never invest based purely on tips from anyone (friends, brokers, etc.). Conduct your own thorough research and analysis before committing your money. Relying on tips is a gamble and prevents you from becoming an informed, long-term successful investor.

3. Maintaining Perspective

• Don't Panic at Short-Term Volatility: As a long-term investor, ignore day-to-day or minute-to-minute share fluctuations. Short-term movements are for day traders. Your gains come from market movements over many years. Stay confident in the quality of your underlying investments.

4. Avoiding Common Traps

• Do Not Overemphasize the P/E Ratio: The Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio is just one of many analytical tools. Using it in isolation to decide whether to buy or sell is dangerous. It must be interpreted within a broader context and used with other analysis.

• Resist Penny Stocks: The misconception that there is "less to lose" in a low-priced stock is false. A plunge from $5 to $0 is a 100% loss, just like a plunge from $75 to $0. Penny stocks are often riskier and subject to fewer regulations.

5. Sticking to Your Plan

• Stick to Your Strategy: Many successful investing strategies exist. The key is to find a style that works for you and stick to it consistently. Constantly switching between different stock-picking strategies is counterproductive and essentially turns you into a market timer, which is usually detrimental to long-term goals.

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The core message is to be a disciplined, informed, and realistic long-term investor who makes decisions based on objective research and company merit, rather than emotion, tips, or short-term market noise.

Sell the losers and let the winners keep riding

For long term investing success it is important to ride a winner. 

Ever so often, investors make profits by selling their appreciated online stocks, but hold onto stocks that have declined in hopes of a rebound. 

If an investor doesn't know when it's time to let go of hopeless stocks, he or she can, in the worst-case scenario, see the stock sink to the point where it is almost worthless. 

Of course, the idea of holding onto high-quality investments while selling the poor ones is great in theory, but hard to put into practice.

If you have a personal preference to sell after a stock has increased by a certain multiple - say three, for instance - you may never fully ride out a winner. 

No one in the history of investing with a "sell-after-I-have-tripled-my-money" mentality has ever succeeded.

Don't underestimate a stock that is performing well by sticking to some rigid personal rule - if you don't have a good understanding of the potential of your investments, your personal rules may end up being arbitrary and too limiting.

The key to profitable investing - knowing how to capitalize successes and curtail failures.

An investor who year in and year out procures for himself a final net profit.

An investor who year in and year out who is usually in the red.

What might be the reasons to explain their different outcomes?

Is this entirely a question of superior selection of stocks?  Maybe NOT entirely.

Is this entirely a question of superior timing of buying and selling of stocks?  Maybe NOT entirely.

How good are economists in their forecasts?

In a meeting of economists, they agreed if their forecasts were 1/3 correct, that was considered a high mark in their profession.

You cannot invest in securities successfully with odds like that against you if you place dependence solely upon judgement as to the right securities to own and the right time or price to buy them.

It is also a case of knowing how to capitalize successes and curtail failures.

You have to learn by doing.

Making investing enjoyable, understandable and profitable...*

Is it not true, that the really big fortunes from common stocks have been garnered by those who made a substantial commitment in the early years of a company in whose future they had great confidence and who held their original shares unwaveringly while they increased 10-fold or 100-fold or more in value?

The answer is "Yes."  

 
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BENJAMIN GRAHAM'S 113 WISE WORDS
The true investor scarcely ever is forced to sell his shares, and at all times he is free to disregard the current price quotation. He need pay attention to it and act upon it only to the extent that it suits his book, and no more. Thus the investor who permits himself to be stampeded or unduly worried by unjustified market declines in his holdings is perversely transforming his basic advantage into a basic disadvantage. That man would be better off if his stocks had no market quotation at all, for he would then be spared the mental anguish caused him by other persons' mistakes of judgement."

 
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PHILIP FISHER'S WISE WORDS
"The refusal to sell at a loss, while completely natural and normal, is probably one of the most dangerous in which we can indulge ourselves in the entire investment process.

More money has probably been lost by investors holding a stock they really did not want until they could 'at least come out even' than from any other single reason. If to these actual losses are added the profits that might have been made through the proper reinvestment of these funds if such reinvestment had been made when the mistake was first realized, the cost of self-indulgence becomes truly tremendous."

(Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits)

 
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Chapter 20 - “Margin of Safety” as the Central Concept of Investment

A single quote by Graham on page 516 struck me:

Observation over many years has taught us that the chief losses to investors come from the purchase of low-quality securities at times of favorable business conditions.

Basically, Graham is saying that most stock investors lose money because they invest in companies that seem good at a particular point in time, but are lacking the fundamentals of a long-lasting stable company.

This seems obvious on the surface, but it’s actually a great argument for thinking more carefully about your individual stock investments. If most of your losses come from buying companies that seem healthy but really aren’t, isn’t that a profound argument for carefully studying any company you might invest in?

 

Invest like Buffett - Hold on to your Winners Forever

Best holding period is holding forever.
Sell your losers, hold on to your winners.

SELL THE LOSERS, LET THE WINNERS RUN.
Losers refer NOT to those stocks with the depressed prices but to those whose revenues and earnings aren't capable of growing adequately. Weed out these losers and reinvest the cash into other stocks with better revenues and earnings potential for higher returns.

< I suggest this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVqyCRYBieI >
Newbie
on 4/7/13

Thanks to Newbie for highlighting this video to me.

SELL THE LOSERS, LET THE WINNERS RUN.

Losers refer NOT to those stocks with the depressed prices but to those whose revenues and earnings aren't capable of growing adequately. 

Weed out these losers and reinvest the cash into other stocks with better revenues and earnings potential for higher returns.

Never Sell A Winner and you end up being a long term investor

I will regularly add to my winners (at ever higher prices), and I will cull the losers from the portfolio during market corrections. But most importantly, it is my intention to never sell my winners.

Warren Buffett didn’t get rich by selling 10% gains on his stocks and companies. He (and his investors) have gotten rich by making “permanent” investments. His timeframe is famously “forever.”

I expect my “forever” to be a very long time. If my investments are in companies that are consistently earning money and growing their businesses, and I stick with them through thick and thin, do you think I’ll be able to outperform the 1% APR I’m earning on my savings account these days? I think so.

http://www.chicagosean.com/2011/03/06/never-sell-a-winner/

Winners Keep on Winning

Winners Keep on Winning
By Rick Aristotle Munarriz
January 12, 2010


Some of last year's biggest winners aren't showing any signs of slowing down in 2010.

From resurgent automaker Ford (NYSE: F) to comeback kid Sirius XM Radio (Nasdaq: SIRI), many of the stocks that thrilled investors by doubling, tripling, or taking even bigger steps through 2009 are off to races again this year.

Take Dollar Thrifty Automotive Group (NYSE: DTG), for starters. Auto rental agencies were scorchers last year after being left for dead in 2008. Dollar Thrifty and Avis Budget (NYSE: CAR) appreciated several times over after bottoming out early last year. In Dollar Thrifty's case, the stock that began 2009 priced at a mere $1.09 closed out the year revving up to $25.61.

Dollar Thrifty now finds itself fetching $27.58. A nearly 8% gain may not seem all that scintillating, but keep in mind that we're just six trading days into the new year. Whole Foods Market (Nasdaq: WFMI), Ford, and Sirius are off to even better starts in 2010.

Company
2009
2010

Ford
337%
21%

Sirius XM Radio
400%
15%

Dollar Thrifty
2,250%
8%

Whole Foods
191%
8%


Source: Yahoo! Finance.


The momentum is impressive, since this could have been a logical time for many giddy investors to cash out. Instead of a hefty capital gains hit in 2009, many could have punched out at the start of 2010.

Why are they still hanging on? Well, the prospects are a whole lot brighter for these four companies now than they were a year ago.

Ford hit a new 52-week high yesterday. Technically speaking, it's closer to a 250-week high, since Ford hasn't traded this high since March of 2005. It's hard to bet against the automaker, especially after its head-turning 33% surge in December sales.

Sirius XM Radio had a prosperous 2009, particularly in the latter half of the year, when subscriber growth resumed and cash flow growth accelerated. Like many of last year's winners, Sirius XM had the luxury of an easy starting line -- its stock began the year at a just $0.12 a share -- but its surprising breakeven third-quarter results and renewed optimism for auto sales, where most of its new subscribers are coming from these days, find the satellite-radio monopoly sitting pretty.

Analysts see Dollar Thrifty earning $1.52 a share this year. Yes, it's expected to earn more than its entire market cap at the start of 2009. An economic recovery has lifted hopes for upticks in corporate and leisure travel, and Dollar Thirfty is a clear beneficiary.

Whole Foods is another company positioned for a big bounce if the economy continues to improve. Shoppers cut back on expensive organic groceries during the recession, but they should storm back soon.

So why are 2009's winners among the stocks with the healthiest starts in 2010? That's easy. They're earning it.

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2010/01/12/winners-keep-on-winning.aspx

Never subsidize losers with winners.

Rather than take the medicine -- the loss -- they hold on to the losers and sell their winners.
 
They never learn my rule:  Never subsidize losers with winners.


Sell the losers and wait a day. If you really want them, go buy them back the next day. I also am certain that you never will.

Eject the losers and the winners will lift the portfolio.

It is the percentage of time that most of a portfolio is invested in rising stocks that determines how good performance will be. Eject the losers and the winners will lift the portfolio.

An exception to every rule. This applies particularly to value investors with long term horizon. Instead of blindly selling the losers until all you have are winners, you should really look at whether the fundamentals have changed for the stocks. There may indeed be a good reason for the relative underperformance of Stock B – e.g. poor management or grim industry outlook. However if nothing has changed and you thought Stock B was good value when you first bought it, it must be an absolute bargain after dropping an extra 50%! Shouldn’t you be buying more instead of selling?

Investing for the long haul: Sell the losers, let the winners run.

This is the time people should review their holdings, keep the stocks with the best potential, sell the losers (not those with the depressed prices but those whose revenues and earnings aren't capable of growing adequately), and buy others with better potential while they're selling cheap.

Sell the losers, let the winners run.  But you shouldn't jump into any "hot stock" without knowing what you're doing.


Read also:
The Ultimate Hold-versus-Sell Test
http://myinvestingnotes.blogspot.com/2009/09/ultimate-test.html

Let Your Winners Run, Cut Your Losers

When you invest, it is easy to sell your successful investments and keep your failing ones. This is what comes intuitively to most investors but can end up costing you a lot of potential profits. By selling your winners too early, you could miss out on huge gains. By keeping your losers too long, you could realize many losses. This isn't always true, but it makes mathematical sense; if you keep your money in losing investments instead of winning ones, you'll more likely end up losing money.

If you have an investment that has been performing consistently well, there is no good reason to sell it. As the adage states, it is important to let your winners run. By selling too early, you could miss out on a lot more than holding onto a losing investment for too long. When holding onto a losing investment too long, you can only lose the money you initially spent. If you sell too early, you could lose many times the amount of money you initially spent. By letting your winners run, and cutting your losers, you can do much better than doing the opposite. As with all investments, it is still important to do your homework.

The difference between the buy and sell transactions is profit.

I. BUY LOW, SELL HIGH

The idea of "buy low, sell high" is as old as trading ownership of properties. It is the basis of all business. Buy a property at one price and sell it at a higher price. The difference between the buy and sell transactions is profit. To make a profit is the reason to buy and sell stock.

When the investor first heard about the takeover, it was already late in the game to make a play. Thinking for a day or two about buying or selling can sometimes be disastrous. The investor sold out the position without learning the details.

Once a strategy is put in play, an investor should not be so quick to change. The investor should have checked the background on the two companies. The 10 percent loss strategy is just that, a 10 percent loss. It has nothing to do with how a price will perform in the next few days. Some professional investors look for stocks that are down 10 to 15 percent and consider them buying opportunities. They know the 10 percent will be bailing out and the stock prices can become even better bargains. These investors will allow a 10, 15 or even 20 percent drop because the majority of buyers did not buy at the top.

If an investor is going to speculate on takeovers, it is important that he or she realize that the prices will tend to be volatile until the actual takeover occurs.

The axiom "buy low, sell high" should not be followed in reverse by the investor.


II. BUY HIGH, SELL HIGHER

Many individuals are attempting to "buy high and sell higher" when they buy a stock that is on the move. In fact, professional traders frequently use the strategy. Soaring prices are attractive to investors, who believe the prices will keep moving. As long as the momentum of the price swing attracts new buyers, the soaring stock price will continue to climb. It might run up for a couple of days, weeks or even months. Eventually, however, there is a hesitation, followed by a turn as the profit taking begins. The last buyers not only have the smallest gains from the run up, they will obviously also have the biggest losses. It is somewhat like a pyramid scheme where the losers are the last to join.

A severe market decline creates lower prices and large cash positions even though the earnings of stocks can remain unchanged. The bargains can be resisted for only a limited time. In a severe market decline, the climb back to former levels could take a few months or longer, but the recovery will come in time.

Where are the plays?

Individual investors can seek out stocks that are either in play by the institutions or are likely to come into play. Often they are stocks with strong fundamentals in earnings and revenues, found in industries with good growth potential. Medical products and devices can be exciting fast growth companies. Sometimes older products companies with strong growth records do well.

Enhancements

The strategy of buy high, sell higher can be enhanced by anticipated increases in earnings or by corporate takeover situations. Although anticipation of higher earnings creates unusually high ratios, when the earnings do increase, the ratios return to normal levels. If the earnings do not cause a return to normal levels, sellers will eventually force the return.

Takeovers

Corporate takeovers create a different situation. Professional arbitrageurs go on search missions in which they look specifically for companies likely to be bought out by some other company. The large leveraged buyout takeover can become a classic buy high, sell higher situation. For those companies who could arrange the deals, there was less risk with greater profits.

Long-term intention

Buying high and selling higher can be a visible way to make money in the stock market, but it is not without risk. The strategy usually calls for the intention of a longer term hold for example, when the earnings cannot catch up with the price or in a takeover, when the deal is finalized. Although it is possible to trade in and out during volatile times, the whip-saw effects of being on the wrong side can be devastating.

Corporate takeovers that fail to materialize are a different story. If a buyout does not occur, the stock price will probably fall to previous levels or below. Most often, investors would be prudent to sell and take the loss quickly, rather than hang on and hope for a recovery. A prudent play after selling out can be to attempt bottom fishing once the price gets hammered. Such activity should be based on the individual's belief that the stock can weather the storm and that the company is still capable of generating good earnings.

It would not be unusual for institutional or other experienced stock traders to play these stocks for small profits. They might sell short at the peaks and attempt to buy long at the lows. Such actions often end up to be momentum oriented. They watch the trades minute by minute to see if there is any strength as shown by volume. If strength is indicated by larger volume, they hold their position. If the volume declines, they close out their positions and plan their next strategy. Obviously, timing is everything in these speculative strategies.

Long or short term

Buy high, sell higher can work for either the conservative long-term or speculative short-term, strategy. But what either strategy needs is a stock that has a solid reason to go higher in price. Two of the main reasons for a stock price to go higher are anticipated higher earnings or a takeover plan.


III. SELL HIGH, BUY LOW

Sell short at a high price and buy back at a lower price. Wonderful, an investor can make money in a falling market.

Limited gain

A short position can profit only to the amount that a price drops. But in a short position, there is virtually unlimited risk because there is no limit to how high a stock price can go. Eventually, the shares must be bought back or if the investor currently owns the shares, delivered to cover the short position. The potential problem is that if the price does not fall, it might rise higher than the investor can afford to pay.


IV. SELL THE LOSERS AND LET THE WINNERS RUN

It is one of the most important understandings an investor can have about the stock market. It is prudent for an investor to sell stocks that are losing money, stocks that could continue to drop in price and value. It makes equally good sense to stay with stocks that show significant gains, as long as they remain fundamentally strong.

Any price drop is a losing situation. Price drops cost the investor money. They are a loss of profits. In some circumstances the investor should sell, but in other situations the investor should take a closer look before reaching a sell decision.

The determination of whether a stock is still a winner depends on the cause of the price correction. If a price drop occurs because of a weakness in the overall market situation or is the result of a normal daily fluctuation of the stock price, the stock can still be a winner.

If, however, the cause of the drop has long term implications, it could be time to take the loss and move on to another stock. Long term implications could be any of the following:

1 Declining sales

2 Tax difficulties

3 Legal problems

4 An emerging bear market

5 Higher interest rates

6 Negative impacts on future earnings

Any event that has a negative impact on the long term picture of earnings or earnings growth can quickly turn a stock into a loser. Many long and short term investors will sell out their positions and move on to a potential winner.


http://www.omniglot.com/info-articles/dallas/buy_market_price_sell_stock.html

Why do people hold on to losing stocks?

Revisiting a behavioral economics classic: Why do people hold on to losing stocks?

By nudgeblog

Tyler Cowen poses the following question about stocks, and what he says used to be the conventional behavioral economics answer.

Let’s say you bought two stocks last year. One has tanked and looks likely to fall further. One has gone up and you expect it to keep rising. (Hey, it’s not completely impossible.) Which are you more apt to sell?

Behavioral economists used to think they knew the answer: neither. Studies have shown that people tend to value things more – whether shirts, stereos or stocks – once they own them, no matter what has happened to their actual worth. This phenomenon is called the endowment effect. If it were the only psychological factor at work, you’d be reluctant to sell both losers and winners simply because they’re already tucked into your portfolio.

Cowen’s story is incomplete, and therefore unfair, even to old behavioral economists. In the scenario Cowen describes, two biases, each reinforcing the other, would be in effect: The endowment effect and loss aversion. The endowment effects for both stocks (assuming you bought them at the same price) would cancel each other out, but this would not necessarily mean investor paralysis. For more than twenty years, behavioral economists have been citing something called the disposition effect, which is an implication of prospect theory and the component of loss aversion). The status quo purchase price serves a reference point. Gains and losses are perceived relative to some other aspirational level different from the status quo – say, what you thought the stock would rise to. As the winner is closer to this aspiration, you, as the investor, become more risk-averse and therefore more likely to sell it, while holding on to the loser in the hopes of a roaring comeback, even one with a small probability.

But this isn’t the only explanation for identical behavior. An alternative is a commonly mistaken belief among average investors that stocks will revert to their mean. Stocks that have risen will fall; stocks that have fallen will rise. This story also predicts the selling of winners on the expectation that it will fall. Yes, Cowen’s scenarios says you, the ordinary investor, would expect the winning stock to keep rising. Old behavioral economics says you’d be quite extraordinary for believing this. Both of these potential explanations are laid out in Terrance Odean’s classic paper “Are Investors Reluctant to Realize Their Losses?” His data does allow him to distinguish which of the two stories makes more sense.

Addendum: Cowen’s column is actually an appreciation of a paper by Nicholas C. Barberis and Wei Xiong with yet another explanation for why investors sell winners and hold onto losers: That it’s the pleasure of actual (or what stock traders would called realized) gains – the good feeling you get from making a seemingly smart decision – and the pain of actual losses that leads to selling winners. Read the full paper.

http://nudges.wordpress.com/2009/01/29/revisiting-a-behavioral-economics-classic-why-do-people-hold-on-to-losing-stocks/

Avoiding The Avoiding Of Regret

Avoiding The Avoiding Of Regret


Avoiding the emotional pain of regret causes you to sell winners too soon and hold on to losers too long. This causes a loss of wealth from taxes and a bias toward holding stocks that perform poorly.

How can you avoid this pitfall? The first step is to understand this psychological bias. This chapter should help you accomplish this step. Two other steps are helpful:

1. Make sell decisions before you are emotionally tied to the position.

2. Keep a reminder of the avoiding regret problem.


For example, when buying a stock for $100, you should decide at which price you will sell the stock if the price declines. You may decide to sell if the price falls to $90. However, making this decision before the price actually falls is not enough. You must act. You must act in advance, before the stock actually falls and regret starts to take place. How do you accomplish this? Place a stop-loss order. A stop-loss order is an order that tells the brokerage to sell the stock if it ever falls to a predetermined price. A stop-loss order at $90 will cause the stock to automatically be sold if the price falls to $90. This order is placed when the stock is still at $100 and regret has not had a chance to occur.

Another strategy is to make a point of selling enough losers to offset any gains that you might have incurred during the year. Although this can be done any time during the year, you probably feel most comfortable doing this in December. In fact, December is the most common month to take losses for tax purposes. Investors often use the end-of-the-year tax deadline as motivation to sell los­ers. However, losers can be sold at any time during the year to achieve the tax benefits. The reason that tax-loss selling usually occurs in December is that the closer you get to the end of the year, the tax-reduction motive has more influence over investors than the disposition effect.

Finally, keep a reminder of the avoiding regret problem. Consider how many futures traders train to do their jobs. Futures traders often take very risky short-term positions in the market. They can gain or lose large sums of money in minutes or even sec­onds. Some futures traders have told me that they memorized a saying:

You have to love to take losses and hate to take gains.

At first, this saying makes no sense. Why would you hate to take gains? The power of the saying is that it exactly counteracts the disposition effect. The avoidance of regret causes traders to want to hold on to losers too long. "You have to love to take losses" reminds them to sell quickly and get out of a bad position when the market has moved against them. Alternatively, the seeking of pride causes traders to sell their winners too soon. "Hate to take gains" reminds them to not be so quick to take a profit. Hold the winning positions longer than your natural desire for pride would suggest.



IN SUMMARY

To summarize this chapter, you act (or fail to act) to seek pride and avoid regret. This behavior causes you to sell your winners too soon and hold your losers too long. This behavior hurts your wealth in two ways. First, you pay more capital gains taxes because you sell winners. Second, you earn a lower return because the winners you sell and no longer have continue to perform well while the losers you still hold continue to perform poorly.

Some Investing Principles which cannot be disputed

While it may be true that in the online investing world there is no rule without an exception, there are some principles which cannot be disputed. These principles can help investors get a better grasp of how to approach online investments and nurture them to maturity.

Sell the losers and let the winners keep riding
For long term investing success it is important to ride a winner. Ever so often, investors make profits by selling their appreciated online stocks, but hold onto stocks that have declined in hopes of a rebound. If an investor doesn't know when it's time to let go of hopeless stocks, he or she can, in the worst-case scenario, see the stock sink to the point where it is almost worthless. Of course, the idea of holding onto high-quality investments while selling the poor ones is great in theory, but hard to put into practice.

If you have a personal preference to sell after a stock has increased by a certain multiple - say three, for instance - you may never fully ride out a winner. No one in the history of investing with a "sell-after-I-have-tripled-my-money" mentality has ever succeeded.. Don't underestimate a stock that is performing well by sticking to some rigid personal rule - if you don't have a good understanding of the potential of your investments, your personal rules may end up being arbitrary and too limiting.

While riding a winner is important, you also should sell the losers. There is no guarantee that an online stock will bounce back after a long period of decline. While it is important not to underestimate good stocks, it is equally important to be realistic about investments that are performing badly. Recognizing your losers is hard because it's also an acknowledgment of your mistake. But it's important to be honest when you realize that a stock is not performing as well as you expected it to. Don't be afraid to swallow your pride and move on before your losses become even greater.

In both cases, the point is to judge companies on their merits according to your research. In each situation, you still have to decide whether a price justifies future potential. Just remember not to let your fears limit your returns or inflate your losses.

Learn to give a cold shoulder to hot tips
Whether the tip comes from your brother, cousin, neighbor or even online broker, no one can ever guarantee what online stocks will do. When you make an investment, it's important you know the reasons for doing so. Conduct your own research and analysis of any company before you even consider investing your hard earned money. Relying on a hot tip from someone else is not only an attempt at taking the easy way out, it is also a big gamble. Sure, with some luck, tips may sometimes pan out. But they will never make you an informed investor, which is what you need to be to be successful in the long run.

Don't panic when shares experience short-term movements
As a long term online investing strategy, you should not panic when your online investments experience short-term movements. When tracking the activities of your investments, you should look at the big picture. Remember to be confident in the quality of your investments rather than nervous about the inevitable volatility of the short term.

Day traders will use these day-to-day and even minute-to-minute fluctuations as a way to make gains. But the gains of a long-term investor come from a completely different market movement - the one that occurs over many years - so keep your focus on developing your overall investment philosophy by educating yourself.

Do not overemphasize the P/E ratio
Investors often place too much importance on the price-to-earning (P/E) ratio in their online investing strategy. It is one key tool among many. Using only this ratio to make buy or sell decisions is dangerous and ill-advised. The P/E ratio must be interpreted within a context, and it should be used in conjunction with other analytical processes. So, a low P/E ratio doesn't necessarily mean a security is undervalued, nor does a high P/E ratio necessarily mean a company is over valued.

Resist the temptation of penny stocks
A common misconception is that there is less to lose in buying a low-priced stock. But whether you buy a $5 stock that plunges to $0 or a $75 stock that does the same, either way you'd still have a 100% loss of your initial investment. A penny stock is probably riskier than a company with a higher share price, which would have more regulations placed on it.

Stick to your strategy
Online stock investors use different methods to pick stocks and fulfill investing goals. There are many ways to be successful and no one strategy is inherently better than any other. However, once you find your style, stick to it. An investor who switches between different stock-picking strategies will probably experience the worst, rather than the best, of each. Constantly switching strategies effectively makes you a market timer, and this is definitely territory most investors aiming at long term strategies should avoid.

While these suggestions cover some critical strategies for long-term online investments there is an exception to every rule. Depending on your circumstances, use these principles within the framework of your overall investment strategy, and reap the benefits of long term online investments.


http://www.1einvestonline.com/online-stock-investors.html

Click for a summary:

https://myinvestingnotes.blogspot.com/2025/12/some-investing-principles-which-cannot.html

Riding the Dot-Com Bubble

Tracking Finances: Riding the Dot-Com Bubble


In the late 90’s when the world was ablaze with dotcom millionaires and it looked as though the stock market could make me wealthy too, I bought a lot of technology stocks — including some start-ups and IPOs (Linux, Red Hat, Pilgrim Technology Fund, EMC and others that I have since become an amnesiac for, thankfully). I rode them all up on a wild ride, and then rode them all down again. When I was tracking finances, I was riding a roller coaster

The actual dollar cost I lost wasn’t too traumatizing, but not selling when the P/E ratios were in the stratosphere was a big mistake that has cost me in the neighborhood of $100,000. To add insult to injury, during this time I came across a beach area lot that I bought, because of its terrific price… but of course, the proceeds I used were from selling my highest-quality investments, and I was left with the speculative garbage or what remained of them. Sell the losers and the low-quality first, and keep the long term winners.

Train Wreck Tuesdays are a weekly post of horrible financial mistakes. They are posted anonymously. Submit your story; if you’re selected, you get a free personal finance book. The best comment gets the same prize! Check out past Train Wreck stories.


http://www.mint.com/blog/train-wreck/tracking-finances-tuesday-train-wreck-dot-com-bubble/

Ride your Winners, Dump your Losers

Ride your Winners, Dump your Losers

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If you are a momentum trader that trade purely on the basis of a surge in price and high trading volume, it is wise to scramble for the exit when the stock loses its momentum. However if you have picked the stock on the basis of its valuation, the fact that it drops more means it is even better value – time to buy more instead of sell. Obviously if the fundamentals (future prospects and changing sector conditions) of the company have deteriorated, you may need to admit your mistake and sell.

This theory sounds more credible than it really is in countering the human tendency to keep the losers. The fact that it identifies a stock as a winner or loser on the basis of the entry price already introduces an element of subjectivity. An emotion free investor would only look objectively at the fundamentals and the valuation of the stock, instead of getting hung up on the entry price.


http://www.italkcash.com/forum/general-stock-market/98561-ride-your-winners-dump-your-losers.html

Never Subsidize Losers With Winners

Never Subsidize Losers With Winners

Professionals and amateurs alike hate selling their dogs. They keep hoping, keep assuming, that a sinking stock is wrong in its direction. They rationalize that the weakness or lack of interest they see is and will be fleeting, and that people soon will recognize the value that the holder sees in the stock.

That's all well and good, until you need money.

Most fund managers have fabulous marketing teams that are able to hype their funds regardless of performance. Despite that and despite the shameless way this industry supports just about anyone who runs money if the money-runner is willing to kick back to the sources of funds, managers do get cash calls. They periodically have to redeem shares they own for cash to send back to unlucky investors.

When they do, that tendency to keep the dogs develops a sinister side: Good stocks get sold to subsidize the losers. You then get a self-fulfilling spiral as the bad stocks stay bad. They usually keep going down. And the fund, without the good stocks, keeps sinking. They never learn my rule:
Never subsidize losers with winners.

Individuals do the same thing. They have only a finite amount of capital to invest. Rather than take the medicine -- the loss -- they hold on to the losers and sell their winners.

My advice to anyone who is stuck in this position is quite simple: Sell the losers and wait a day. If you really want them, go buy them back the next day. I also am certain that you never will.

http://www.thestreet.com/story/10292298/never-subsidize-losers-with-winners.html

Eject the losers and the winners will lift the portfolio.

It is the percentage of time that most of a portfolio is invested in rising stocks that determines how good performance will be. Eject the losers and the winners will lift the portfolio.

Ride Your Winners, Dump Your Losers

Ride Your Winners, Dump Your Losers

www.mastersuniverse.net

Assume that you have invested into two stocks - Stock A and Stock B. You made 50% on Stock A and lost 50% on Stock B. If you need to liquidate one stock to get some cash, which stock would you sell? It is human nature for people to take profits on Stock A and keep the losing trade until Stock B rebounds. Chances are Stock A is so wonderful that it will keep going up after you sold, and Stock B will keep going down and your loss becomes bigger. The bigger your loss, the more reluctant you are to sell and eventually you will end up with a bunch of losers.


Ride Your Winners

Momentum Trading

According to the “Ride Your Winners, Dump Your Losers” theory, if you manage to fight off your human nature and keep the winners instead of the losers, you will make money. This seems to fit in well with the theory of momentum trading – buy the strongest stocks with the highest momentum, i.e. the stocks that are increasing quickly on higher volume than the market. Disciplined momentum traders would buy with the flow of the market, if a trade goes against them, they would sell without hesitation. They follow the market trend with no question ask.

As the theory goes, you should not be emotionally attached to your trade. If you have invested in a dud, you should just admit your mistake and cut the loss. This theory sounds credible and sensible.


Value Investing

This theory may make sense for a short-term momentum trader, but it certainly does not make sense for a long-term value investor. Assuming that you have done your homework and the two stocks were the same valuation at the time of investment, the fact that Stock A has gone up and Stock B has gone down means that Stock A is now far more expensive than Stock B. A prudent value investor would switch out of the expensive Stock A and switch into the much better valued Stock B, provided the fundamentals of the two stocks have not changed.

Instead of blindly selling the losers until all you have are winners, you should really look at whether the fundamentals have changed for the stocks. There may indeed be a good reason for the relative underperformance of Stock B – e.g. poor management or grim industry outlook. However if nothing has changed and you thought Stock B was good value when you first bought it, it must be an absolute bargain after dropping an extra 50%! Shouldn’t you be buying more instead of selling?


Winners Always Outperform Losers?

The key question in deciding whether this is a valid theory is whether winners are more likely to outperform the losers? If that is the case, the same group of winners should always dominate the world economy. Taking the component stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial as examples, which are the winners of the winners. Do these blue chip winners always outperform the market? Looking at the original dozen component stocks of the Dow in 1896:

American Sugar Now Domino Foods, Inc., part of Sweden’s Assa Abloy
American Cotton Oil Now Bestfoods, part of Unilever
North American Company Electric company broken up in the 1940s
Chicago Gas
Now a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group, Inc
Laclede Gas Still in operation as The Laclede Group
National Lead Now NL Industries
Tennessee Coal & Iron Swallowed by U.S. Steel
American Tobacco Broken up into Fortune Brands and R.J. Reynolds
Distilling & Cattle Feeding Predecessor of Millennium Chemical, part of LyondellBasell
U.S. Leather Liquidated in 1952
U.S. Rubber Company Merged with B.F. Goodrich, now part of Michelin
General Electric Only one that is still around

The only company that you may still recognize is General Electric (even General Electric has been dropped from the Dow for 9 years). The rests have either been taken over or wound up. Had your great great grandpa set up a family trust to invest in these winners 100 years ago, there would probably not be a lot inheritance left for you.

In fact, some academics have noticed the opposite effect - “the small stock anomaly”. For example, Rolf W. Banz has shown that smaller companies (which tend to include a lot of “losers”) from 1926 to 1980 outperformed the larger companies.


The Winner Takes It All



It Really Comes Down to Your Trading Style

Ultimately it really depends on your trading style. If you are a momentum trader that trade purely on the basis of a surge in price and high trading volume, it is wise to scramble for the exit when the stock loses its momentum. However if you have picked the stock on the basis of its valuation, the fact that it drops more means it is even better value – time to buy more instead of sell. Obviously if the fundamentals (future prospects and changing sector conditions) of the company have deteriorated, you may need to admit your mistake and sell.

This theory sounds more credible than it really is in countering the human tendency to keep the losers. The fact that it identifies a stock as a winner or loser on the basis of the entry price already introduces an element of subjectivity. An emotion free investor would only look objectively at the fundamentals and the valuation of the stock, instead of getting hung up on the entry price.