Steady investments can beat the market by a mile

4 NOV, 2010, 01.31AM IST,
AMAR PANDIT,

Steady investments can beat the market by a mile

Guessing the index seems to be like an exciting pastime for most investors. They look at the index as some sacrosanct indicator to decide whether they should buy a stock.

“Sensex is back to 20000 and I feel something wrong is going to happen again,” said one learned acquaintance. “The markets are overvalued and I will invest when it corrects,” said another gentleman who did not even invest when the market was at 8000, thinking it will go down to 6000.

I asked many people who have been investing since 2005, “Do you remember the index levels in the year 2005?” Almost everyone replied in the negative. In 2005, the Sensex was between 6103 and 9397. I remember in 2005 a lot of people called even 6600 as a high level. One client had even said, “Let’s wait till 5000.” But guess what: he does not even recall the 2005 level remotely. This is because people have made fantastic returns over five years and it’s no longer important whether you invested at 6500 or 7000 or at 7500.

Here is why index levels should not be a real determinant of your investing decision: A difference between the lowest level every year and a fixed level every year over a long time frame does not matter at all.

Consider three different scenarios of index: 8000 in 2009, 13500+ in June 2009 and 18000 levels in August 2010.

1. Let’s say you started investing in 1991, when liberalisation in India started. If you managed the feat of investing at the lowest level every year since 1991, your annual returns would have been 15.88% CAGR as of June 1, 2009 at 13500+ levels. 
2. On the other hand, if you invested at the highest level every year, your returns would have been 11.78% CAGR. 
3. Now, if you had invested on a fixed date every year, let’s say, January 1, then your returns would have been a surprisingly 15.77%. 
4. The difference between a fixed date and the lowest date is just 0.11% pa.

Since 1991, the CAGR as on March 9, 2009,

• for annual investments made at the highest Sensex levels was 8.21%, 
• while it was 12.18% when the investments were made at the lowest levels. 
• For investments made on January 1 every year, it was 12.08%.

Similarly, since 1980, the CAGR as in August, 2010,

• for annual investments made at the highest Sensex levels was 16.19%, 
• while it was 17.60% when the investments were made at the lowest levels. 
• For investments made on January 1 every year, it was 16.91%.

Think for a moment. Does the paltry difference in returns between the lowest levels and regular investments really matter to you? For most equity investors, the answer will be a resounding no.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/personal-finance/savings-centre/analysis/Steady-investments-can-beat-the-market-by-a-mile/articleshow/6868486.cms

Pick the right stock at right time for returns

16 OCT, 2010, 03.54PM IST,

KAVITA SRIRAM,ET BUREAU 

Investment tips: Pick the right stock at right time for returns

Picking the right stock at the right time, and booking profits, is a challenge for many small investors. With hardly any time for research and a desire to reap quick profits, many investors often rely on friends and expert advice. The risks are considerable even if you chase a rising stock, without comprehending the driving forces.   How do you differentiate an overheated stock from one that has truly appreciated in its intrinsic value? 


Identifying an under-valued stock 


An under-valued stock is a great investment pick as it has high intrinsic value. Currently under-valued , it has immense potential to rise higher and make the investor richer. 


A low price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio can be an indicator of an under-valued stock. The P/E is calculated by dividing the share price by the company's earnings per share (EPS). EPS is calculated by dividing a company's net revenues by the outstanding shares. A higher P/E ratio means that investors are paying more for each unit of net income. So, the stock is more expensive and risky compared to one with a lower P/E ratio. 


Trading volume is an indicator 


Trading volumes can help pick stocks quoted at prices below their true value. In case the trading volume for a stock is low, it can be inferred that it has not caught the attention of many investors. It has a long way to ascend before it touches its true value. A higher trading volume indicates the market is already aware and interested in the stock and hence it is priced close to its true value. 


Debt-to-equity ratio 


A company with high debt-to-equity ratio can indicate forthcoming financial hardships. If the ratio is greater than one, it indicates that assets are mainly financed with debt. If the ratio is less than one, it is a scenario where equity provides majority of the financing. Watch out for stocks that have low debt-to-equity ratio. 


Some other pointers 


Historical data of stocks that have performed consistently and yielded good returns are reliable. A higher profit margin indicates a more profitable company that has better control over its costs compared to its contenders in the same sector. 


Weeding out over-heated stocks 


Avoiding over-priced stocks that could plunge anytime is as critical as picking the right stocks. Buying over-heated stocks and losing money in a bubble burst is not an uncommon phenomenon in the markets. Stocks that have moved up the ladder very quickly are potentially risky. The sudden spurt could be based on a rumour or event not backed by strong fundamentals. 


Good market conditions or bull runs do not last forever. Investors, who believe that good times are here to stay often burn their fingers. On a similar note, an over-valued stock has little scope or space for upward movement and could lose its momentum anytime. 


A little bit of research and analysis will help investors make prudent investment choices even in bear market conditions.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/financial-times/Investment-tips-Pick-the-right-stock-at-right-time-for-returns/articleshow/6759442.cms

Market timing requires two smart moves

It’s no use taking money out of the market at the right time unless it is put back in at the right time. So to get the most from their move, you will have to be right twice.


And if he did know, he’d rather not tell. “I hate giving people financial advice,” he said. “If they make money they might say thank you; if they miss the next run-up, they hate you.” 


 Studies from the field of behavioral finance indicate that investors' confidence level--and in turn their perceived ability to handle risk--ebbs and flows with the market's direction. Thus, an investor might rate highly his own ability to handle risk at the very worst time--when the market is skyrocketing and stock valuations are high--only to exhibit much less confidence in the event of a market drop. (Not surprisingly, buoyant markets are also when most financial-services firms hawk the riskiest products.)


However, with the market dropping sharply over the past year, I'd wager that being too conservative is a bigger risk for many investors right now than is maintaining a portfolio that's too aggressive.


You should always sell when you have a better place to put your money -- and today, a host of superior companies are on sale.

Market timing/charting is ungrounded folly - Benjamin Graham

The activities of the enterprising investor in the stock market may be classified under 4 areas:

1. Buying in low markets and selling in high markets (Beware that this is Market timing)
2. Buying carefully chosen "growth stocks" (Learn the Paradox of Growth Stocks)
3. Buying bargain stocks (The tenet of value investing)
4. Buying into "special situations" (Only a few will benefit)


Buying in low markets and selling in high markets (Beware that this is Market timing)

From first inspection of a market chart covering its periodic fluctuations, buying low and selling high appeared both simple and feasible.

However, this market's action studied over many years has not lent itself to predictability by any mathematical means.

The fluctuations that have taken place, often considerable in extent, would have required a special talent or "feel" for trading to take advantage of them.  Operations based on such 'skills' are better excluded.

Benjamin Graham:  ..."market timing / charting" is ungrounded folly and is to be avoided by any intelligent investor.

Warren Buffett's Long-term timing of the market and the Rational Investing Model

I recently posted:

New Investing Idea: The Rational Investing Model is the alternative to the Buy-and-Hold Investing Model

and pleasantly received a reply from the author of the above article:

Rob Bennett said...

This is Rob Bennett, author of the Google Knol on "Why Buy-and-Hold Investing Can Never Work." Thanks for sharing some of the ideas set forth in the Knol with your readers, BullBear. If you or others have questions, I'm happy to help out to the extent that I am able. Rob

My comments:

Thanks Rob for allowing me to share your article in my blog.

Buy and hold strategy is safe for selected stocks.  Those using this strategy should be stock pickers; having only good quality companies in their portfolios and only buying them when their prices are obviously at bargain or fair prices.  Over the short term, the returns will be volatile, but over the long-term the returns on these investments will be predictably positive reflecting their fundamentals.

Though incorporating a long-term market timing based on valuation of the market may increase returns, like any market timing strategy, it may also impacts negatively on the returns too.

However, there are the very few periods when market timing can be usefully employed with a high degree of confidence and conviction.    Those with a good understanding of the valuation of the stock market can  employ this infrequently to their benefit when the valuations of the markets are obvious at the extremes.  Warren Buffett had done this on a few occasions in his very long investing lifetime.  In other periods (the majority of the time), buy and hold for the long term is safe and it works (my personal testimony), but for selected stocks only bought at bargain or fair prices. 

Investors would be impressed that Warren Buffett did make adjustments to his allocations to equities at certain periods during his long investing career.  These adjustments were based on valuations of the stocks and the market.  There were periods his exposure to equities were low when he felt the market was overpriced.  At one stage, he returned cash to all his investors as he could find no value in equities to justify continuing investing their money in stocks.  And there were the few occasions when Warren Buffett saw deep values in stocks and invested heavily, usually at the bottom of bear markets.  Yet, these were the times when other investors were most fearful.

What Warren Buffett did was essentially quite close to what Rob Bennett has written:

The Rational Investing Model encourages investors to take price (valuations) into consideration when setting their stock allocations.

Though we often hear only his "buy and hold forever" mantra, Warren Buffet has in fact been cleverly employing the equivalent of THE RATIONAL INVESTING MODEL, incorporating long-term market timing based on valuation of the market in his allocation of his money to stocks. 


The links below documented these actions by Warren Buffett:

*****Warren Buffett's commonsense approach to valuing the stock market

Buffett's success in gauging market conditions and profiting from them

Buffett: Keeping abreast of market conditions

*****Buffett's Shrinking Portfolio of the 1980s (1)

*****Buffett's shrinking portfolio of the 1980s (2)

Also read:

http://knol.google.com/k/why-buy-and-hold-investing-can-never-work#

http://www.getrichslowly.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=4882
 
http://arichlife.passionsaving.com/2010/02/08/get-rich-slowly-forum-discusses-how-buy-and-hold-caused-the-economic-crisis/

http://www.retireearlyhomepage.com/bennett.html


and this:

A Better Approach to Investing from Rob Bennett of A Rich Life
I'd like to introduce you to a very solid approach to investing from Rob Bennett, author of A Rich Life. His investment approach has been given many names (the one I use for it is dynamic asset allocation). The principles are sound and over the long run, it will serve to reduce overall risk in your portfolio while providing more than adequate returns when compared to static or strategic asset allocation methods. To learn more, read on...
http://www.wealthuncomplicated.com/wealthuncomplicated/2009/05/a-better-approach-to-investing-from-rob-bennett.html

Reviewing the basics of getting my timing right

If your time horizon, risk tolerance profile and investment objectives remain unchanged,

• it is better not to change your investment portfolio in times of uncertainty, when it may be a temptation to consider selling investments and reinvesting when prices are lower. 
• This technique is known as market timing and is a high-risk strategy simply because nobody knows what the future holds.

Patient investors will be rewarded:  research has shown that missing out on the performance of the stock market for only a few days could have a significant effect on performance.

The techniques of dollar cost averaging and phasing in can be preferable to market timing.

Two techniques for Getting your timing right: 'dollar cost averaging' and 'phasing in' your investments

Experience has shown that investors can benefit from being patient.  Impatience is your big enemy. 

Too often investors panic and sell their shares and equity unit trusts at a low, which could result in substantial losses.

There are two techniques:

• dollar cost averaging, and
• phasing in

which can diminish the negative impact of buying and selling at the wrong times.


Dollar cost averaging

Those who continue investing at regular intervals in the expectation that the market will recover, benefit from dollar cost averaging.

Dollar cost averaging can be used to great effect with unit trusts, because as you buy more units for the same amount as prices fall (or fewere units as prices rise), you will ultimately pay a lower average price for your units.


Phasing in your investments

In times of uncertainty new unit trust investors are faced with a tough choice: 

• should they invest a lump sum, or
• should they phase in their investment over a period? 

They have two possibilities:

A lump-sum investment can be made in

• unit trusts with a large cash element,
• a share component that does not correlate with the general direction of the stock market, and
• a portfolio manager who does not hesitate to take action.

Phasing in:  Prudent or less experienced investors can consider

• phasing in their investments over some months,
• potentially benefiting from lower prices because of downward reactions.

Time, and not timing, is the key to successful investment.

So who has the best chance of success?

Another approach is to disregard the risks of market timing and to ask how great the benefits would have been if an investor's timing had been right.

Let us take a hypothetical situation of 3 people who invested a fixed amount every year for 20 years.

• Person A is extremely lucky and annually invests at a market low, as determined by a particular Stock Market Share Index (JSE All Share Index). 
• Person B is unlucky and annually invests at a market high.
• Person C invests on a 'random' date every year, in this case 31st January.

The compound return earned by

• person A over the period is 14.0% a year,
• while in the case of person B it amounts to 11.3%. 
• person C achieved a return of 12.9% a year. 

(Dividend income was not taken into account in the research.)

It is

• not surprising that an investment at a market low achieved a better return than an investment at a market high, but
• the difference in return between the high and the low/'random' date is less than expected.

Although there are times when you should be more heavily invested,

• the risk of underperformance increases considerably if you are continually with-drawing from and returning to the market. 

Investors who buy and hold have the best chance of being successful.

How does market timing impact on investments?

An analysis of the daily returns of a particular Share Market Index for the period 1991 to 2000 (dividend income excluded) showed that missing out on performance of the equity market for only a few days could have a significant effect.

DIFFERENT RETURNS IF YOU MISS OUT ON A FEW DAYS

Strategy========================Return per annum
Always fully invested===============11.8%
Miss out on 10 best days============7.1%
Miss out on 20 best days============3.9%
Miss out on 30 best days============1.3%
Miss out on 40 best days============(-1.0%)

(Source:  Plexus Asset Management)

The table shows that:

• by missing only 10 days (equal to only 1 day a year), the annual return was reduced by nearly 40%.
• by missing 40 days (only 4 days a year), the return became a loss.

Instead of reducing investment risk, market timing can, in fact, be a high-risk strategy.

Market timing sounds good in theory. It seldom works consistently in practice.

Market timing is an investment strategy that relies on:

• your being able to predict the future so that you can protect your capital by not getting caught in any market downswing. 
• You must also know when the market is going to turn around, so that you can effectively exploit any new upswings.

A market timer must always make two correct decisions:

• when to withdraw and
• when to re-enter the market.

A major issue regarding stock market or unit trust investment is the question of whether or not market timing works.  Buying low and selling high is easier said than done.

A fund that applies market timing - buys or sells depending on the direction in which the market is moving -

• can prevent you from losing money in bear markets, but
• can also result in your missing out on bull markets.

Research has shown that although market timing sounds good in theory, it seldom works consistently in practice.

How do I get my timing right?

The time of maximum pessimism is the best time to buy and the time of maximum optimism is the best time to sell.

Sir John Templeton

Anxious to buy and anxious to sell

A bull market doesn't last forever.  Sooner or later, the stampede will turn downhill.

Are you one who is anxious to buy on the way up?
Are you one who is anxious to sell on the way down?

People who were anxious to buy on the way up will become more anxious to sell on the way down, on the theory that any stock today will fetch a better price than it would fetch tomorrow.

Another telling statistics on Market Timing: Missing the chance to run with the bulls

Great Timing versus Lousy Timing
(Performance difference = 1.6% difference)

Investment returns from 1970 to 1995

Starting in 1970, if you were unlucky and invested $2,000 at the peak day of the market in each successive year, your annual return was 8.5%.

If you timed the market perfectly and invested your $2,000 at the low point in the market in each successive year, your annual return was 10.1%. 

So the difference between great timing and lousy timing is 1.6%.

Of course, you'd like to be lucky and make that extra 1.1%, but you'll do just fine with lousy timing, as long as you stay invested in stocks.  Buy shaes in good companies and hold on to them through thick and thin. 

There's an easy solution to the problem of bear markets.  Set up a schedule of buying stocks or stock mutual funds so you're putting in a small amount of money every month, or four months, or six months.  This will remove you from the drama of the bulls and bears.


Missing the chance to run with the bulls

One of the worst mistakes you can make is to switch into and out of stocks or stock mutual funds, hoping to avoid the upcoming correction.  It's also a mistake to sit on your cash and wait for the upcoming correction before you invest in stocks.  In trying to time the market to sidestep the bears, people often miss out on the chance to run with the bulls.

A review of the S&P 500 going back to 1954 shows how expensive it is to be out of stocks during the short stretches when they make their biggest jumps. 

• If you kept all your money in stocks throughout these four decades, your annual return on investment was 11.5%. 
• Yet if you were out of stocks for the fourty most profitable months during these fourty years, your return on investment dropped to 2.7%..

Crashes, corrections and bear markets cannot be predicted exactly

Nobody can predict exactly when a bear market will arrive (although there's no shortage of Wall Stree types who claim to be skilled fortune tellers in this regard).  But when one does arrive, and the prices of 9 out of 10 stocks drop in unison, many investors naturally get scared.

They hear the TV newscasters using words like "disaster" and "calamity" to describe the situation, and they begin to worry that stock prices will hurtle toward zero and their investment will be wiped out.  They decide to rescue what's left of their money by putting their stocks up for sale, even at a loss.  They tell themselves that getting something back is better than getting nothing back.

It is at this point that large crowds of people suddenly become short-term investors, in spite of their claims about being long-term investors.  

• They let their emotions get the better of them, and they forget the reason they bought stocks in the first place - to own shares in good companies. 
• They go into a panic because stock prices are low, and instead of waiting for the prices to come back, they sell at these low prices. 
• Nobody forces them to do this, but they volunteer to lose money.

Without realising it, they've fallen into the trap of trying to time the market.  If you told them they were "market timers" they'd deny it, but anybody who sells stocks because the market is up or down is a market timer for sure.

A market timer tries to predict the short-term zigs and zags in stock prices, hoping to get out with a quick profit.  Few people can make money at this, and nobody has come up with a foolproof method. 

Anybody who sells stocks because the market is up or down is a market timer for sure.

Anybody who sells stocks because the market is up or down is a market timer for sure.

A market timer tries to predict the short-term zigs and zags in stock prices, hoping to get out with a quick profit. 

Few people can make money at this, and nobody has come up with a foolproof method. 

In fact, if anybody had figured out how to consistently predict the market, his name (or her name) would already appear at the top of the list of riches peole in the world, ahead of Warren Buffett and Bill Gates.

Try to time the market and you invariably find yourself getting out of stocks at the moment they've hit bottom and are turning back up, and into stocks when they've gone up and are turning back down. 

People think this happens to them because they're unlucky.  In fact, it happens to them because they're attempting the impossible.  Nobody can outsmart the market.

People also think it's dangerous to be invested in stocks during crashes and corrections, but it's only dangerous if they sell.

They forget the other kind of danger - not being invested in stocks on those few magical days when prices take a flying leap. 

It is amazing how a few key days can make or break your entire investment plan. 

Here is a typical example:  During a prosperous five-year stretch in teh 1980s, stock prices gained 26.3% a year.  Disciplined investors who stuck to the plan doubled their money and then some.  But most of these gains occurred on 40 days out of the 1,276 days the stock markets were open for business during those 5 years.  If you were out of stocks on those 40 key days, attempting to avoid the next correction, your 26.3% annual gain was reduced to 4.3%.  A CD in a bank would have returned more than 4.3%, and at less risk.

So to get the most out of stocks, especially if you're young and time is on your side, your best bet is to invest money you can afford to set aside forever, then leave that money in stocks through thick and thin. 

• You'll suffer through the bad times, but if you don't sell any shares, you'll never take a real loss. 
• By being fully invested, you'll get the full benefit of those magical and unpredictable stretches when stocks make most of their gains.

Will this rally continue?

Will This Rally Continue?
By Rich Greifner
January 19, 2010

 

Will the recent rally continue? Or is the stock market overheated after a 65% surge?

 

I have no idea -- and frankly, I don't care.

 

Here's why you shouldn't care, either

 

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2010/01/19/will-this-rally-continue.aspx

 

 

Here's why you shouldn't care, either
Of course it would be wonderful to be able to forecast stock gyrations, deftly jumping in and out as the market ebbs and flows. But unfortunately, it simply isn't possible to accomplish such a feat on a consistent basis, and investors' attempts to anticipate the market's short-term movements only cost them money in the long run.

 

According to a study from Dalbar Inc., the S&P 500 produced an 8.35% annual return from 1988 through 2008. However, the average equity investor realized an annual return of just 1.87% over the same period thanks to the adverse effects of market timing.

• That means an investment of $10,000 in 1988 would have grown to $49,725 over the past two decades if left untouched.
• But investors who panicked at market bottoms and chased returns as the market rose would have only $14,485 today.

 

This problem has become so widespread that in 2006, Morningstar introduced an "investor return" measure to illustrate the impact of investors' timing their purchases and sales.

• Not surprisingly, a recent Morningstar study found that investor returns trailed fund returns over the past five years in each of the 14 mutual fund categories that Morningstar tracks.

 

Still not convinced that trying to time the market is a bad idea? One final example should drive the point home.

• Thanks to big bets on Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS), Mosaic (NYSE: MOS), and PotashCorp (NYSE: POT), Ken Heebner's CGM Focus Fund was the best-performing equity mutual fund of the past decade.
• But while CGM Focus posted an 18% annual gain over the past 10 years, the average investor in the fund lost 11% a year!

 

So rather than obsess over which way the stock market is headed next, heed these wise words from investing legend Peter Lynch: "Market timing is speculating and it rarely, if ever, pays off."

 

What does pay off?
"I don't believe in predicting markets," Lynch wrote in his classic One Up On Wall Street. "I believe in buying great companies -- especially companies that are undervalued and/or underappreciated. … Pick the right stocks and the market will take care of itself."

 

That strategy worked pretty well for Lynch, who posted 29% annual returns during his 13 years at the helm of Fidelity's Magellan Fund (sadly, most Magellan investors realized much lower returns during Lynch's tenure due to their attempts to time the market).

 

But Lynch famously focused on consumer-facing companies whose products he enjoyed, like Taco Bell (now owned by Yum! Brands (NYSE: YUM), Hanes (NYSE: HBI), and Chrysler (now owned by the U.S. government). With unemployment at a 26-year high and the U.S. consumer on the ropes, where should investors look to find the right stocks today?

 

The right stocks
That's the question I posed to Jeff Fischer, lead advisor for Motley Fool Pro. Like Lynch, Jeff and his team don't get swept up in trying to forecast short-term market movements. Instead, they seek out companies with

• sustainable competitive advantages,
• significant recurring revenue,
• diverse customer bases,
• strong free cash flow, and
• healthy balance sheets.

Here are two picks that Jeff believes will serve investors well whether the stock market heads up, down, or sideways:

 

 

 

 

The Dangers of Market Timing
By Ken Little, About.com


Market timing may be the two most dangerous words in investing, especially when practiced by beginners.
Market timing is the strategy of attempting to predict future price movements through use of various fundamental and technical analysis tools.

The real benefit of knowing what is going to happen is that your return from buying a stock before it takes off is obviously better than if you have to buy the stock on its way up.

Buy Low, Sell High
Market timers are the ultimate “buy low and sell high” traders. Day traders, who move in and out of positions in minutes or hours, are the extreme market timers. They look for small profits by the dozens each day by capitalizing on swings in a stock’s price.

Most market timers operate on a longer time line, but may move in and out of a stock quickly if they perceive an opportunity.

There is some controversy about market timing. Many investors believe that over time you can’t successfully predict market movements. Market timing becomes more of a gamble in their opinion than a legitimate investing strategy.

Market Timers
Other investors argue that it is possible to spot situations where the market has over or under valued a stock. They use a variety of tools to help them predict when a stock is ready to break out of a trading range.

Unfortunately, stock prices do not always move for the most logical or easily predicable of reasons. An unexpected event can send a stock’s price up or down and you can’t predict those movements with charts.

The Internet stock bull market of the late 1990s was a good example of what happens when investors in the excitement of the moment, consciously or not, became market timers.

Next Big Thing
Every one had a hot tip about the next “big thing” and investors were jumping on stocks as they shot up. Unfortunately, most of these rockets came crashing down just as quickly and many investors held on way too long.

The disastrous result was an exact reversal of what they hoped. In the end, it was a case of “buying high and selling low.” You don’t need to know much about investing to know that’s not a successful strategy.

For most investors, the safer path is sticking to investing in solid, well-researched companies that fit their requirements for growth, earnings, income, and so on.

Conclusion
If you look for undervalued stocks, you may find one that is poised for moving up sharply given the right circumstances. This is a close to market timing as most investors should get.

http://stocks.about.com/od/investingstrategies/a/marktime100804.htm

The Problem With Market Timing Print
Friday, 26th June 2009 (by J.D.)
This article is about Investing, Real-Life

I’m in the process of consolidating all of my investment accounts at Fidelity. This isn’t because I think Fidelity is “the best”, but because I think they’re good and they’re certainly convenient. There’s a Fidelity “investor center” not far from my home. (In other words: I’m not endorsing Fidelity; I’m merely following my own advice to pick a good option instead of spending forever looking for the best.)

As I gather my various accounts under one roof, I’m also trying to set investment goals and to implement an asset allocation based on these goals. As I do this, though, I’m struggling with some emotional stuff. I’ve found that it’s one thing to write about smart investing, but it’s another thing to actually do it.

I’ve just learned a real-life lesson about market timing, for example. In general, short-term market timing doesn’t work — especially for amateur investors. If I asked you to tell me whether the stock market (or an individual stock) will rise or fall next Monday, you’d only be guessing. Investors shouldn’t make decisions based on guesses. Or wishful thinking.

Let me give you an example. I recently decided to sell a large stake in an S&P 500 index fund. In order to get my asset allocation correct, I wanted to transfer the money to bonds. But when it actually came time to sell the mutual fund, I couldn’t pull the trigger.

“What if it goes up?” I kept thinking. The market has been climbing over the past few months, and the fund was up 35% since March. 35%!! That’s a pretty good increase, but I wanted more. “Maybe I should wait until the market goes up another three or four percent,” I thought.

I held the index fund for an extra day. Then two. Then three. Each day, the market went down — and my fund followed with it.

“Ouch,” I thought. “I should have sold!” My fund had dropped 5% from the day I first decided to make the move. ”I guess I’d better just sell. Now I’m losing money that I could have safely on the bond side of my portfolio.”

So I sold.

That was early this week. As soon as I sold, the the market began to rise again. Up half a percent on one day, and the next, and then two percent yesterday.

“Holy cats!” I thought. “It’s up three percent since I sold it. I should have held on!”

This, my friends, is the problem with market timing. You can’t know what the market is going to do from day-to-day. Over the long term, the stock market has returned an average of about 10% per year. But that’s the long term. Over shorter spans, the market is volatile. It swings up and down. Over a period of days, its movements are basically random, unpredictable.

I made the decision to sell on June 12th, but I didn’t pull the trigger until June 22nd. In those ten days, my fund lost over 5% of its value. Now, in the three days since I’ve sold the fund, it’s risen 3%. Obviously, I managed to just about nail a worst-case scenario.

Market timing doesn’t always yield such poor results. But, in general, you’re better off basing decisions on your long-term goals and the market’s broad performance instead of trying to guess what your stock or mutual fund will do tomorrow.


http://www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2009/06/26/the-problem-with-market-timing/

Market Timing: Taking advantage of the periodic bouts of market madness

The most important use of past information is to tell us when the market has moved too far out of line. 

By looking at the chart, you would have noticed that the price rises of 1972 or 1981 or 1987 (or 1993 or 1996 or 2007) were excessive and could not possibly be sustained.  If we were rational at that time, we should have liquidated our holding and got out of the market.  (wishful thinking!! worth a serious look into!!!)

Similarly, in 1975 or 1976/1978 or 1986 (or 1998 or 2008), by looking at the chart, we could have seen that the market had become very undervalued and we should have increased our holding, even if it meant that we had to borrow money to do so.  (shocking!!hmmm!!!)

For the rest of the time, we should buy individual shares as and when we believe they have become undervalued, keeping the chart in the background as a point of reference when we evaluate individual shares.  So long as the market as a whole is not too far above the trend line, we can purchase shares which are undervalued according to our computation.  Provided we are reasonably good in our valuation, the long-term improvement in the market should ensure that we make money over the long run.  (very sound advice indeed)

At times, the market may fall below or even well below the level at which we have made our purchases.  This should not worry us because we have based our purchases on good dividend yield and we do not need to sell.  Furthermore, we can take the opportunity to buy more shares and average down the prices of our investments. 

Occasionally, we may even stand to make a lot of money by selling out if our chart tells us that the market has gone mad, as it is prone to now and again. 

We are therefore practising a very defensive strategy, only buying if the shares are undervalued and quickly selling to take advantage of the periodic bouts of market madness when they occur.


Ref:   Stock Market Investment in Malaysia and Singapore by Neoh Soon Kean

Market Timing is difficult

Some of you may be tempted to think that it is easy to carry out market timing.  They may think that all one has to do is to take an index chart and draw in the trend line, making purchases or sales whenever the market price gets too far from the trend. 

There are, however, two enormous difficultites in trying to make market timing decisions based on past prices.

1.  First, there is the problem of future changes in the companies' business and political environment.

• The world of business is never static.  There will always be changes, some small and some large to the environment which the companies operate in. 
• In order for the stock market to perform as well as it had done in the past, the country must continue to prosper and the political climate has to be stable.  How can we be sure that the future growth trend will be the same as in the past? 
• In order to be a good forecaster, one must have a very good knowledge of economics and political science.  This is hardly a qualification that is within the reach of laymen.  Even with such qualifications, forecasting can still be very difficult.  Professional economists and moneymen can make collective forecasting errors very frequently.

2.  Second, there is the problem of not knowing in advance how far will the market move above or below the trend. 

• As we have seen from past records, the distance the market moved from the trend had been irregular and unpredictable. 
• We can take the 1983, 1987, 1993, 1996 and 2007 booms as examples.  Many professional market-watchers, did not anticipate correctly the heights to which the market went. 
• Similarly, very few market-watchers anticipated the severe market declines of 1973, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2001 and 2008.