Wednesday, 5 August 2009

Which stock to buy?

In trying to decide which stock to buy, an investor has to take into consideration the following factors:-

  1. What are the trends of the earnings and dividend of the stock?
  2. How well does the price trend correclate with the earnings and dividend trend?
  3. Is there a divergence between earnings and dividend?
  4. How volatile has the share price been in the past?
  5. How do the present PER and DY of the stock compared with the PER and DY of other stocks in the same sector?
  6. What are the prospects of the stock?


Ref:
How to use the Stock Performance Guide (SPG)
Stock Performance Guide by Dynaquest Sdn. Bhd.

What stock am I buying?

In trying to answer the above question, the investor has to find out certain important things about the stock, principally:-

  1. Who are the principal shareholders and officers of the company? Are they well known? Well connected?
  2. Do they have long experience and good reputation? Are other companies in the group good performers?
  3. What activity/ies is the company involved in?
  4. How good is the management of the company?
  5. How well is each segment of the company doing?
  6. What is the capital of the company?
  7. What is the financial strength and liquidity of the company?

Ref:
How to use the Stock Performance Guide (SPG)
Stock Performance Guide by Dynaquest Sdn. Bhd.

Buffett's Rules for Success

  1. Ascertain the true quality of a company and its top managers.

  2. Stockholders are not managers. They should leave the running of a firm to competent managers with integrity.

  3. Don't invest in businesses you don't understand.

  4. Give help and advice if they want it, but let the managers make their own decisions.

  5. Never, ever break the law.

  6. Owners are owners and managers are managers - but they should work as partners.

  7. Keep your distance from the market. You'll understand the business better!

Warren Buffett has turned value investing into an art form, piling up the world's second largest individual fortune and persuading millions to mimic the low-tech, buy-and-hold style of stock picking he practices at Berkshire Hathaway.

Emulate Warren Buffett - be an ace stockpicker and an empire-builder too. :-)

Tuesday, 4 August 2009

An occasional rumination

For those who remained invested during the bear market, the recent up-trend in the market has been very rewarding. Those in this envious position are sitting on a profit buffer.

The severe bear market has resulted in a large amount of cash pulled out of stocks. The recent few months saw investors moving these cash into stocks. The pace was slow initially, but the prices have risen fast. However, it is my guess that a lot of money is still waiting to jump into stock. Some may be waiting for a correction. Perhaps, others maybe impatient seeing the prices going up almost daily.

History has shown that more people lost money in a bull market than in a bear market.

GE Life agents to return commissions

GE Life agents to return commissions
SINGAPORE, Aug 4 — About 1,000 Great Eastern Life agents have been asked to return up to S$12.6 million (RM30.1 million) in commissions received from policies they sold up to four years ago.

The GreatLink Choice (GLC) policies are investments the insurer decided last Friday to buy back at full cost.

About 18,000 policyholders invested a total of S$594 million in the policies, buying from the insurer’s network of agents.

Agents earned a 2.12 per cent commission on sales. On average, they earned about S$12,600 each, though some earned close to S$100,000. Now, they will have to give back the money.

This is believed to be the first time that sellers of financial products are being asked to return commissions on products they sold years ago, without admitting to any wrongdoing.

So far, insurers have clawed back commissions only from agents found to have improperly sold policies to customers.

Consumer advocates welcomed Great Eastern’s move, saying it could prove pivotal for the industry.

“In broader terms, this could be a turning point to tie commission payment to performance of the investment that agents introduced to investors,” said Consumers Association of Singapore (Case) executive director Seah Seng Choon.

If this became a trend, he added, it would augur well for the industry as agents would have a stake in ensuring that investors get prudent advice.

On Friday, Great Eastern announced that it would return the premiums in full to all GLC customers, minus the annual payouts they had already received.

Like Lehman Minibonds, GLC was an insurance policy linked to a class of complex financial instruments called collateralised debt obligations (CDOs).

The value of CDOs has been badly hit by diving financial markets, and the value of various GLC plans have plummeted between 40 per cent and 80 per cent. So Great Eastern decided to make a full refund, calling it a gesture of goodwill.

Great Eastern said GLC products were sold by fewer than half of its agency force of 2,500, and went out in five tranches between 2005 and 2007.

Affected customers have up to Aug 28 to opt to get their money back.

Explaining its decision to recover all commissions, Great Eastern said it is offering to treat the GLC policies as if they had been cancelled from inception.

“It is therefore necessary to recover all the costs relating to these policies, including commissions paid to the life planners,” said its managing director (Singapore), Tan Hak Leh.

With the average agent needing to fork out more than S$10,000 in returned commissions, Great Eastern is putting in place an instalment plan to help agents with cashflow problems.

‘We will ensure that none of our life planners will face any financial difficulties,’ Tan said.

Despite having to stump up cash at short notice, Great Eastern agents The Straits Times spoke to were choosing to look at the issue long-term.

Said an agency director who may have to return about S$85,000 in commissions: “In a situation like this, every stakeholder stands to lose something. I can’t expect to win and still pocket my commissions.

“Besides, I depend on repeat customers and their referrals, so confidence and trust are important.”

Agents also noted that policyholders who redeem their GLC policies may re-invest in new products, so there was some potential to recoup the lost commissions.

Case’s Seah said that Great Eastern’s action will help to salvage the confidence of investors not only in the company, but also in its agents in the long run.

He hoped this would set a new precedent for other distributors of financial products. — The Straits Times

Sector Snapshots: A graphical presentation

An interesting graphical way to look at stocks of various sectors.






http://www.nytimes.com/packages/khtml/2006/04/02/business/20060402_SECTOR_GRAPHIC.html?ref=business

Investment Banking Buoys HSBC and Barclays

Investment Banking Buoys HSBC and Barclays


By JULIA WERDIGIER
Published: August 3, 2009

LONDON — HSBC Holdings and Barclays reported robust first-half profits Monday based largely on the performance of their investment-banking businesses, along with their Wall Street peers. Yet the banks also set aside a combined $22 billion to cover potentially bad debts as recession and high unemployment lead to more retail loans going sour.

The two banks, among the largest in Britain, were the first of a group of European banks, including UBS and Royal Bank of Scotland, to report earnings this week. Some analysts predict that the industry will continue to struggle because fewer clients can repay their debts as the global downturn continues.

HSBC’s profit fell 57 percent from a year ago after the bank set aside $13.9 billion in credit risk provisions and said the timing and scale of a “recovery in the wider economy remains highly uncertain.” Profit at Barclays increased 10 percent after earnings at its investment banking unit almost doubled but reserves against anticipated loan losses, also called impairment charges, reached £4.6 billion, or $7.7 billion.

“The underlying trend is rising bad debts and there are still at least one or two more quarters to come,” said Julian Chillingworth, chief investment officer at Rathbone in London.

HSBC and Barclays joined banks like Credit Suisse and JPMorgan Chase in benefiting from a strong performance of their investment-banking units even as loan loss provisions climbed. Demand for investment banking services rose because more companies are seeking to sell shares and bonds to raise capital.

As it has among Wall Street banks, a rift is emerging in Europe between those banks that remained relatively unscathed during the financial crisis and can now grow and benefit from their investment banking services and those that accepted government funds and needed to scale back riskier operations.

HSBC and Barclays could expand their investment banking operations while rivals like Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds, which accepted government funds, are struggling to cut costs and recover from huge losses. Rather than accept government assistance, HSBC conducted a rights offer and Barclays tapped foreign investors to raise capital.

Shares in HSBC gained about 5 percent in London on Monday and shares in Barclays jumped 7 percent. The share price of Barclays has more than doubled since the beginning of this year, while HSBC stock is down about 5 percent amid concern about rising loan-loss provisions and its struggling mortgage lending business in the United States.

Rising loan losses among European banks continue to spook investors. Deutsche Bank’s loan provisions of 1 billion euros, or $1.4 billion, for the second quarter sent the company’s shares lower even though the bank’s net income rose and revenue from sales and trading at its investment bank unit more than doubled.

Barclays said profit rose to £1.89 billion in the first half of this year from £1.72 billion. Impairment charges increased 86 percent to £4.6 billion and pretax profit at its British retail business dropped 61 percent. At Barclays Capital, its investment-banking unit, earnings rose to £1.05 billion from £524 million.

Barclays is benefiting from an expansion into investment banking services; it bought Lehman Brothers’ American businesses and has been hiring senior bankers in Europe and Asia this year.

Robert E. Diamond Jr., president of Barclays, said Barclays Capital’s expansion is about two-thirds done “but more is to do in Asia.” He expects income from the cash-equities and advisory business to continue to grow and said the pipeline for financing, fixed-income and risk management services is “very big.”

Barclays, which said it planned to resume paying dividends before the end of this year, struck a note of caution Monday, predicting that loan losses will continue to go hand-in-hand with unemployment rates. “We expect the remainder of 2009 to be challenging,” John Varley, the bank’s chief executive, said in a statement. “We expect credit-market losses to be lower than in the first half but impairment trends to be consistent with those experienced over the first half.”

Stephen Green, HSBC’s chairman, was more optimistic when he said that “it may be that we have passed, or are about to pass, the bottom of the cycle in the financial markets.”


http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/business/global/04banks.html?ref=business

Markets Rise on Signs of Economic Growth


Markets Rise on Signs of Economic Growth


By JACK HEALY
Published: August 3, 2009
For thousands of investors whose portfolios are benchmarked to the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index, recovery was a thing with four digits on Monday.

The closely watched stock index closed above 1,000 for the first time since Election Day, hardening beliefs that stock markets would continue to march higher as the recession shows signs of bottoming. Like other market gauges, the S.&P. 500 is still off more than a third from its all-time highs, but it has soared from its bear-market lows and is now up 11 percent for the year.

The day’s gains added more momentum to a three-week surge that lifted the Dow above 9,000 points as banks and major corporations showed they could still turn profits even as job losses mounted and the prospects for near-term economic growth remained cloudy.

Waves of optimism about global industry lifted the price of oil, grains metals and other commodities, as traders bet that a recovery would drive global consumption higher and revive the demand for raw materials.

Automakers were reaping a boost in sales from the government’s “cash for clunkers” program, which gives credits to motorists who trade in their cars for new, more fuel efficient ones. The Ford Motor Company reported that sales rose 2.3 percent in July, its first monthly sales increase since 2007.

Shares of Ford gained 4 percent, and American-traded shares of foreign car companies Toyota, Nissan and Honda were all higher.

Analysts said the deluge of subsidized auto sales unmasked a sign of economic recovery: pent-up consumer demand. Although consumer spending fell at a rate of 1.2 percent during the spring, consumers are more confident than they were last winter, and they are still willing to spend money when enticed by a bargain.

“The key here is, where’s the consumer mindset?” said Marc Pado, market strategist at Cantor Fitzgerald. “Consumers, when they perceive the bottom, are willing to jump out and buy high priced durable goods. The consumer’s getting hungry.”

Signs of improvement the industrial sectors of China, Europe and Britain bolstered stock markets in Asia, London, Paris and Frankfurt. And more positive readings on manufacturing and the housing market in the United States propelled stock markets on Wall Street toward their highest levels of the year.

The Dow Jones industrial average was gained 114.95 points or 1.25 percent to end at 9,286.56, also the best close since early November. The S.&P. 500 rose 15.15 points or 1.53 percent to close at 1,002.63. The Nasdaq composite index gained 1.5 percent to cross above the 2,000-point threshold, a line it had not breached since early October.

Leading the way were companies that sell oil and natural gas, and those that manufacture basic materials like steel, paper products or plastic. Investors rushed to buy their shares as the price of oil rose more than $2, to nearly $72 a barrel, and the prices of gold and copper also surged.

But the stock market’s gains were the dollar’s losses — and the Treasury market’s.

The dollar index, which weighs the currency’s value against six major currencies, fell to its lowest levels since late September.

The price of 10-year Treasury notes fell XXXX to XXXX as investors anticipating an economy recovery sought out higher yielding investments. The yield on the 10-year note, which moves in the opposite direction of price, rose to 3.64 percent from 3.48 percent late Friday.A surprising, though slender, 0.3 percent increase in construction spending in June also leavened the mood on Wall Street and offered optimistic forecasters another sign that the housing market was near bottom, if not already staging a recovery.

Builders spent more money in June to construct new homes, hotel projects, commercial centers and other projects, the Commerce Department reported on Monday. Part of the overall rise came from a 1 percent increase in government construction spending as stimulus projects began to get under way.

And the Institute for Supply Management reported that manufacturing activity contracted at its slowest pace since last August as businesses reported more orders and higher production than previous months, and improvements in employment conditions. The group’s manufacturing index rose to 48.9 in July, from 44.8 a month earlier.

“This is good news, though we still can’t be sure if further sustained strength is possible in the face of continued consumer deleveraging,” Ian Shepherdson, chief United States economist at High Frequency Economics, wrote in a research note. “This could just be a catch-up after the post-Lehman disaster.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/business/04markets.html?ref=business

HSBC first-half profits fall 51pc as bad debts soar


HSBC first-half profits fall 51pc as bad debts soar
HSBC said profits had more than halved in the first six months of the year, after bad-debt charges soared.

By Telegraph Staff
Published: 10:07AM BST 03 Aug 2009

HSBC Hldgs
The 51pc drop in pre-tax profits to $5bn (£2.98bn) came after its bad debt charges soared 39pc to $13.9bn, the bank reported on Monday.

Rival Barclays said earlier this morning its profits climbed 8pc to £2.98bn for the same period.


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HSBC raised $17.8bn in a rights issue in April to shore up its capital position, and it had a Tier 1 ratio of 10.1pc at the end of the first half. The bank has had to make some $67bn of bad loan provisions in the last three and a half years, in part because of its purchase of US subprime lender Household International in 2003.

“It may be that we have passed, or are about to pass the bottom of the cycle in the financial markets,” HSBC chairman Stephen Green said in the statement. “Operating conditions in the financial sector have continued to improve as the effects of government and central bank policies work through the system.”

In its global banking and markets business, profit before tax more than doubled to $6.3bn on an increase in currency trading and underwriting bond sales.

The shares were up 3.1pc to 624.6p in morning trading.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/5964507/HSBC-first-half-profits-fall-51pc-as-bad-debts-soar.html

Traders bet on continuing stock market rally

Traders bet on continuing stock market rally
The recent stock market rally could continue this week, as traders increase their bullish positions in a wide range of asset classes.

By Garry White
Published: 11:07PM BST 02 Aug 2009

The FTSE 100 had its best month in more than six years in July, boosted by a number of better-than-expected corporate earnings releases and hopes that the worst of the recession was now over. Derivatives traders are now betting that improving conditions would result in further price rises in metals and soft commodities.

Commodity prices have risen sharply this month after economic data improved and the dollar slid to its lowest level in 2009 – and further rises are now expected.


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The copper price, which is seen as a leading indicator of future economic growth, rose for a seventh-straight month over the course of July. Aluminium prices put in their highest monthly gain since 1988.

The FTSE 100 is heavily exposed to mining and oil groups, with about 30pc of its weighting made up by global commodity plays such as BHP Billiton, BP and Fresnillo.

Last week, earnings reports from the likes of AstraZeneca, Pearson and Cadburys pleased as cost-cutting measures made businesses leaner and positioned them well for an economic upturn.

There is the potential for any rally to derail, however, as earnings are released this week by the major UK banks and insurers.

However, US derivative traders and hedge funds have bet that the recent rally in many asset classes will continue, data from the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) reveal.

In the week to July 28, traders increased bets that the price of a wide range of commodities will continue to rise. When more traders are using futures contracts to bet on a price rise than on a price fall a so-called "net long" position is created.

Last week an increase in the net long position was seen in a wide range of contracts, including crude oil, heating oil, platinum, orange juice, cocoa, sugar, corn, hogs, soymeal, cattle and silver, while the net short position in copper, which means more traders expect a fall in prices than expect a rise, was reduced. Bets on a rise in the cotton and gold price fell slightly.

The data was compiled before Friday's positive reading on US second-quarter GDP, which fell 1pc year-on-year compared with expectations of a 1.5pc fall.

"The outlook for base metal prices is growing more positive," says Gayle Berry, an analyst at Barclays Capital. However, she thinks that Chinese buying of copper is likely to moderate in the second half of the year, after the country's imports doubled in the first half.

The FTSE 100 index of leading shares climbed 8.5pc in July, adding £134bn to the value of the stock market.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/5961931/Traders-bet-on-continuing-stock-market-rally.html

Pound soars after manufacturing sector grows for first time in a year

Pound soars after manufacturing sector grows for first time in a year
The pound leapt against world currencies after an unexpected surge from the manufacturing sector sparked speculation that the Bank of England will freeze its quantitative easing (QE) programme later this week.

By Edmund Conway, Economics Editor
Published: 6:46PM BST 03 Aug 2009

Sterling rose by 3½ cents against the dollar to $1.6928 after new survey data showed that manufacturing industry is growing again for the first time in more than a year. The Purchasing Manager's Index (PMI) for the sector, produced by Markit, rose from an upwardly-revised 47.4 points to 50.8 points in July. It is the first time it has surpassed the 50-level, which separates expansion from contraction, since March 2008.

The increase, which was far beyond what economists had anticipated, pushed sterling higher, along with gilt yields, since the PMI has often been a reliable signal for official measures of economic growth.


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The Bank will decide on Thursday whether to extend its QE programme to beyond £125bn, based on whether it judges it has pumped enough stimulus into the economy.

James Knightley, of ING, said that the increase was consistent with the economy growing by 1pc year-on-year in the second half of 2009. "This suggests that the UK economy is likely to record positive growth through the rest of this year and into next," he said. "However, ongoing deleveraging and rising unemployment (the PMI employment component still shows job losses) still suggests that the recovery will be fragile."

The positive economic news coincided with another strong day for markets, which were also boosted by news of strong investment banking profits from Barclays and HSBC. The FTSE 100 rose by 74.1 to 4682.46 points, having already achieved its biggest monthly gain in six years during July.

In a further sign of recovery, the TED spread, a measure of financial market stress which calculates the difference between banks' cost of borrowing and US Treasury interest rates, dropped beneath the 30 basis point level for the first time since before the onset of the financial crisis in mid-2007.


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/currency/5967561/Pound-soars-after-manufacturing-sector-grows-for-first-time-in-a-year.html

HSBC is a great business – but buy Standard Chartered

HSBC is a great business – but buy Standard Chartered

By Garry White
Published: 5:17PM BST 03 Aug 2009

HSBC

635.9p +30.15


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Questor says AVOID

This column has shied away from recommending Western banks over the last six months, as there were too many uncertainties in their balance sheets. The full impact of bad loans has not worked its way through the system and there are a number of new regulatory hoops that look likely to be imposed. Caution continues to be the order of the day.

HSBC did not need to take government funds when other institutions were crumbling at the foundations, although it tapped existing shareholders for more money through a rights issue in April, raising $17.8bn (£10.5bn). This is a major positive for the group.

Yesterday's first-half report was relatively reassuring. Pre-tax profits in the six-month period to June 30 fell 51pc to $5bn on a year-on-year basis on revenues that were 10pc ahead of last year. Reassuringly, its Tier One ratio rose to 10.1pc from 8.3pc six months ago.

This is ahead of the 7.5pc – 10pc range targeted by the bank, with most of this extra funding coming from the group's cash call earlier this year.

HSBC still owns Household in the US – a sub-prime lender. The company paid $15bn for the business in 2003 and the bank – after defending the purchase for quite some time – admitted that it has made a mistake earlier this year. "With the benefit of hindsight, this is an acquisition we wish we had not undertaken," Stephen Green, HSBC's chairman, said in March.

Rising bad debts in the US, Europe and Asia forced the bank to write off $13.9bn, which was one-third higher than in the same period last year. This is a lot of money – even for a bank of the size of HSBC. The bank has had to make some $67bn of bad loan provisions in the last three-and-a-half years, most of these associated with Household.

Although there is the suggestion that bad debts could have peaked, this may not be the case. If you look at the stock market's recent performance, you would think that the future is rosy and bright. It is not. Unemployment looks set to rise and bad debts are going to take some time to work their way through they system. This is the main reason Questor is cautious

It is easy to argue that HSBC is managed better than most other "western" banks – because it's probably true – and there is no doubt that it has a great future ahead of it. The company's heavy exposure to Asia is a real positive.

However, it's a question of valuation. The shares have rallied substantially from their lows, more than doubling since March. This means that the shares are trading on a December 2009 earnings multiple of 28.6, falling to 21.5 next year and 13.8 in 2011. This looks pretty steep. The shares are only yielding 3pc as well, which is hardly earth shattering when compared to some of the dividend plays we have in the Questor portfolio such as Northern Foods (7.4pc) and BP (6.8pc).

Questor advises readers to buy shares in Standard Chartered instead. The bank was recommended when its shares were at £12.40 and they are now 18pc ahead of their initial recommendation price.

The shares are yielding just 2.4pc this year, but this is not a share to buy for income, it's a share to buy for long-term growth. The company operates in markets that have significant growth ahead and is heavily exposed to the Middle East. It escaped the collapse in global financial markets relatively unscathed and it is trading on a December 2009 earnings multiple of 15.7 times.

Standard Chartered publishes its interim figures today. Consensus is for earnings per share of 91 cents, with a range of 80 cents to $1.07.

So, although things are looking relatively good for HSBC, concerns about bad debts remains and the valuation looks pretty rich. Questor advises avoiding shares in HSBC for now, playing the banking sector through Standard Chartered which is highly geared to most of the long-term growth markets in the world.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/questor/5967064/iHSBC-is-a-great-business-i-but-buy-Standard-Chartered.html

Commodity prices set to rise further, Roubini says

Commodity prices set to rise further, Roubini says
Commodity prices may extend their rally in 2010 as the global recession abates, said Nouriel Roubini, the New York University economist who predicted the financial crisis.

By Bloomberg
Published: 7:13AM BST 03 Aug 2009


Nouriel Roubini predicted the current financial crisis. “As the global economy goes toward growth as opposed to a recession, you are going to see further increases in commodity prices especially next year,” Roubini said today at the Diggers and Dealers mining conference in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. “There is now potentially light at the end of the tunnel.”

Roubini, chairman of Roubini Global Economics and a professor at NYU’s Stern School of Business, joins former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in seeing signs of recovery. Commodity prices gained the most in more than four months on July 30 as investors speculated that the worst of the global recession has passed and consumption of crops, metals and fuel will rebound.


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“The things he was saying provide good indicators for our business,” Martin McDermott, a manager for metals project development at SNC-Lavalin Group Inc., Canada’s biggest engineering and construction company, said at the conference.

“The commodities that we’re involved with, being copper, nickel, gold, iron ore, all seem to have positive signs and we hope to take advantage of that.”

Greenspan said yesterday the most severe recession in the U.S. in at least five decades may be ending and growth may resume at a rate faster than most economists foresee. Oil has jumped 56 percent in 2009 and copper has surged 86 percent.

Roubini predicted on July 23 that the global economy will begin recovering near the end of 2009, before possibly dropping back into a recession by late 2010 or 2011 because of rising government debt, higher oil prices and a lack of job growth.

Economic growth in China, the world’s biggest metals consumer, accelerated in the second quarter, gaining 7.9 percent from a year earlier. China, the biggest contributor to global growth, overtook Japan as the world’s second-largest stock market by value on July 16 after the nation’s 4 trillion yuan ($585 billion) stimulus package spurred record lending and boosted prices of shares and commodities.

China will meet its target of 8 percent growth in gross domestic product this year, Roubini said. Manufacturing in China climbed for a fifth month in July as stimulus spending and subsidies for consumer purchases countered a collapse in exports, and helped companies from chipmaker Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp. to automaker General Motors Corp. as well as mining companies such as BHP Billiton Ltd. and Rio Tinto Group.

China’s official Purchasing Managers’ Index rose to a seasonally adjusted 53.3 in July from 53.2 in June. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion. The manufacturing index has climbed from a record low of 38.8 in November.

A rise in commodity prices may help the Australian dollar, Roubini said today, adding he is “bullish” on the currency. Countries including Australia, New Zealand and Canada have so-called commodity currencies because raw materials generate more than 50 percent of their export revenues.

The Australian dollar today rose to the highest since September before retail sales and house price data tomorrow that may add to evidence the nation’s economy will rebound faster than the central bank forecast six months ago.

The price of aluminum, used in beverage cans and airplane parts, has declined by a third in the past year as the global recession crimped demand. A recovery in demand may be offset by the “huge amount of excess capacity,” which could be a risk to the price, Roubini said.

The Reuters/Jefferies CRB Index of 19 commodities has risen 12 percent this year. It jumped 3.9 percent on July 30 to 253.14,the biggest gain since March 19.

“That recovery will continue slowly, slowly over time,” Roubini said today. The global economy may contract 2 percent this year and swing to growth of 2.3 percent next year, he said.

Vale SA, the world’s biggest iron ore producer, said demand for metals is starting to recover and it will begin boosting output. Vale Chief Financial Officer Fabio Barbosa said on July 30 that “the worst is over”.

The price of oil may rise more than other commodities because of an expected rebound in demand, Roubini said separately in an interview with Bloomberg News. It may average between $70 and $75 a barrel next year, he said.

Crude oil traded above $70 a barrel today for the first time in a month on speculation fuel demand will increase, amid signs the global economy is recovering from recession.

The U.S. economy, the world’s biggest, is likely to grow about 1 percent in the next two years, less than the 3 percent “trend,” Roubini said last month. President Barack Obama said on July 30 the U.S. may be seeing the beginning of the end of the recession.

In July 2006 Roubini predicted the financial crisis. In February of last year he forecast a “catastrophic” meltdown that central bankers would fail to prevent, leading to the bankruptcy of large banks with mortgage holdings and a “sharp drop” in equities. Since then, Bear Stearns Cos. was forced into a sale and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. went bankrupt, prompting banks to hoard cash and depriving businesses and households of access to capital.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/5963702/Commodity-prices-set-to-rise-further-Roubini-says.html

UK asset value falls for first time since 1992

UK asset value falls for first time since 1992
The value of all the assets in the UK has fallen for the first time in more than a decade and a half, in the latest evidence of the economic trauma wrought by the financial crisis.

By Edmund Conway
Published: 6:39PM BST 03 Aug 2009


The fall was driven largely by a fall in the value of housing which, at £3.7 trillion, constitutes more than half the nation's net worth. Photo: PA Britain was worth £6.95 trillion at the end of 2008, down 2pc from the previous year, according to new figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The total, which has fallen for the first time since the last recession in 1992, takes into account all buildings, roads, factories, cars, trains, machinery and financial assets by the end of 2008, minus debts.

The fall was driven largely by a fall in the value of housing which, at £3.7 trillion, constitutes more than half the nation's net worth.


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UK facing worst financial crisis 'in decades'
UK businesses face biggest cash flow crisis in two decades

According to the ONS, the value of Britain's housing stock dropped by 9.1pc last year – the biggest fall since comparable data began in 1989. It takes the value of the total housing stock down to levels last seen in 2006.

More strikingly, the fall in property prices, when compared with the comparative height of mortgage debt, means that the equity British households own in their homes fell by £423bn, or 14pc, during 2008. Net equity – in other words the extent by which home values are greater than mortgage debt – dropped from 335pc to 274pc in 2008, the lowest cushion since 2002.

Simon Ward, of Henderson New Star, said: "UK households will have to step up their saving to compensate for the huge loss of housing and equity market wealth in 2008, implying mediocre prospects for consumer spending."

Significantly, it is households and non-profit institutions as opposed to financial and non-financial corporations that have borne the biggest brunt of the falls in asset prices. Their assets dropped from £7.5 trillion in 2007 to £6.6 trillion last year – the biggest single one-year drop on record.

Despite the fall, the value of the UK is still equivalent to just under £115,000 for every man, woman and child in the country – and has increased by a factor of more than five since the ONS began keeping national accounts data in 1948.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/5967533/UK-asset-value-falls-for-first-time-since-1992.html

'China is the biggest thing to happen in the world economy for a century'


'China is the biggest thing to happen in the world economy for a century'
Fundamentalist view: our regular series in which a leading fund manager or expert at making money grow explains why savers and investors should see things their way

By Tom Ewing
Published: 12:00PM BST 03 Aug 2009

Comments 5 Comment on this article


Old and new: to ensure the Chinese economy was not engulfed by the global malaise, the government injected huge sums into public spending projects Photo: GETTY Fund managers often talk about the "themes" that excite them and how they work those ideas into their investments. China is full of exciting opportunities but I would not call it a theme. It is much bigger than that; it is the most important thing going on in the world this decade and the next.

You might find it surprising that the manager of a UK equity growth fund is as interested in China as the state of British banks and whether M&S will increase its dividend. But what is happening in China is as important to your investments as what happens here. Not to have a view on it in your portfolio would be a huge mistake.


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China is a long way away; culturally and geographically. As a result, some investors here often dismiss China as something happening to someone else. Their scepticism about the scale of activity means they enjoy belittling this emerging economic superpower. The fact is, without China propping it up, the global economy would be in a worse state than it currently is. It matters to us all whether or not Chinese growth is sustainable.

I have visited China several times in the past few years and my trip in June demonstrated once more China's glorious ability to astound; even after the financial crisis.

The main shopping street of any one of a hundred large Chinese cities at 10pm on a Tuesday is virtually indistinguishable from Oxford Street on a busy Saturday afternoon – perhaps with more neon!

China is a reason to be optimistic about the outlook for world growth. Government finances are healthy and consumers are spending as confidence returns. Chinese people, unlike us, are not encumbered by a decade of over-borrowing. Things may be bad in the West, but it's not often that a billion people go through an industrial revolution. In fact, it's never happened before.

To ensure the Chinese economy was not engulfed by the global malaise, the Chinese government injected huge sums of money into public spending projects. Apart from being the catalyst for a stock market recovery last autumn, you can see its impact everywhere. For example, China Railways has been adding track to the network at about 1,000 kilometres a year. This will rise to 10,000 kilometres per year by 2012. To put that into context, the whole UK network is just 16,000 kilometres.

There are critics of this ''overdevelopment''. You can drive along empty eight-lane motorways and wander shopping malls with more staff than customers. Countless suburbs are being developed and redeveloped to provide larger flats and to accommodate the 400 million people moving from rural to urban areas.

I visited Shenyang in north-east China, a city you might not have heard of despite having a population similar to that of Greater London. In just one corner of this one city, there is a construction site of two housing developments with a combined floorspace similar to the whole of London's Docklands.

Rather than see this as a bubble waiting to burst, I see the longer-term opportunity. Properties in Shenyang are selling faster this year than last. Before long the aspirational emergent middle class of China's mushrooming cities will be able to afford cars to fill the roads and to shop in the malls. Urbanisation begets economic growth.

In a broad sense, Chinese growth is affecting asset prices, demand and supply in almost every global industry. More specifically, despite their ingenuity, capital and human resource, the Chinese still look to British companies for certain goods and services.

British technology and engineering is in demand. Longer term, local competition will catch up. Therefore, investors' challenge is to find companies with whom the Chinese will never be able to compete. London's mining sector is an obvious beneficiary of China's lack of natural resources. Less obvious strong positions are those held by Western brands. Diageo, maker of Johnnie Walker, and fashion label Burberry, enjoy premium status among Chinese consumers. It is their very ''un-Chinese-ness'' that creates opportunity.

I am realistic. Rampant growth creates imbalances. This is a long-term story and not without risk. So be careful not to become overexposed and ensure your investments are balanced against many other themes and ideas. However, I am consistently surprised by the failure of many people to appreciate and take advantage of China being the biggest thing to happen in the world economy for a century.

Tom Ewing is portfolio manager at Fidelity UK Growth Fund

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/5964847/China-is-the-biggest-thing-to-happen-in-the-world-economy-for-a-century.html

UK Home owners 'face five years of negative equity'


Home owners 'face five years of negative equity'
Some home owners could be stuck in negative equity for at least another five years as the property market struggles to bounce back, grim figures predict.

Published: 9:09AM BST 03 Aug 2009


'Getting a mortgage can be like winning the lottery,' says the NHF's chief executive Photo: PA House prices will plunge by 12.2pc this year and by a further 4.6pc next year before stabilising in 2011 with a 1.1pc rise, according to research from the National Housing Federation (NHF).

Home owners who bought during the peak of the market in 2007 are likely to be waiting until 2014 to see any profit in their properties, the figures suggest. Homes in England's North West and the east Midlands could be waiting even longer, the figures showed.


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Overall, average prices will rise by 20pc on current values to £227,800 by 2014 as values climb by 8.4pc in 2013 and 6.8pc the following year.

David Orr, the chief executive of the NHF, said: "Our new research shows that while house prices are falling in the short term they will inevitably increase in the long term because of a fundamental undersupply of housing.

"Even though house prices are falling, and are set to remain sluggish in some areas for the foreseeable future, affordability is not improving for many low-to-middle income households."

He added: "For millions of people who want a home, getting a mortgage can be like winning the lottery. First-time buyers and those wanting to buy shared-ownership properties remain victims of a deep freeze in mortgage lending.

"Until lending is freed up, young and lower-income households without access to large deposits will be locked out of the market."

According to Oxford Economics, which produced the figures for the NHF, house prices in England in 2013 will be 3pc below their pre-credit-crunch peak of 2007, but by 2014 they will be 3pc higher.


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/5964212/Home-owners-face-five-years-of-negative-equity.html

Monday, 3 August 2009

Two different approaches to security analysis: the way of prediction (or projection) and the way of protection

Our statement that the current price reflects both known facts and future expectations was intended to emphasize the double basis for market valuations.

Corresponding with these two kinds of value elements are two basically different approaches to security analysis.
  • To be sure, every competent analyst looks forward to the future rather than backward to the past, and he realises that his work will prove good or bad depending on what will happen and not on what has happened.
  • Nevertheless, the future itself can be approached in two different ways, which may be called the way of prediction (or projection) and the way of protection.

Those who emphasize prediction will endeavour to anticipate fairly accurately just what the company will accomplish in future years - in particular whether earnings will show pronounced and persistent growth.

  • These conclusions may be based on a very careful study of such factors as supply and demand in the industry - or volume, price and costs - or else they may be derived from a rather naive projection of the line of past growth into the future.
  • If these authorities are convinced that the fairly long-term prospects are unusually favourable, they will almost always recommend the stock for purchase without paying too much regard to the level at which it is selling.
  • Such, for example, was the attitude with respect to the air-transport stocks - an attitude that persisted for many years despite the distressingly bad results often shown after 1946. We have commented on the disparity between the strong price action and the relatively disappointing earnings record of this industry.

By contrast, those who emphasize protection are always especially concerned with the price of the issue at the time of study.

  • Their main effort is to assure themselves of a substantial margin of indicated present value above the market price - which margin could absorb unfavourable developments in the future.
  • Generally speaking, therefore, it is not so necessary for them to be enthusiastic over the company's long-run prospects as it is to be reasonably confident that the enterprise will get along.

The first, or predictive, approach could also be called the qualitative approach, since it emphasizes prospects, management, and other nonmeasurable, albeit highly important, factors that go under the heading of quality.

The second, or protective, approach may be called the quantitative or statistical approach, since it emphasizes the measurable relationships between selling price and earnings, assets, dividends, and so forth.

  • Incidentally, the quantitative method is really an extension - into the field of common stocks - of the viewpoint that security analysis has found to be sound in the selection of bonds and preferred stocks for investment.

In our own attitude and professional work, we were always committed to the quantitative approach.

  • From the first we wanted to make sure that we were getting ample value for our money in concrete, demonstrable terms.
  • We were not willing to accept the prospects and promises of the future as compensation for a lack of sufficient value in hand.
  • This has by no means been the standard viewpoint among investment authorities; in fact, the majority would probably subscribe to the view that prospects, quality of management, other intangibles, and "the human factor" far outweigh the indications supplied by any study of the past record, the balance sheet, and all the other cold figures.

Thus this matter of choosing the "best" stocks is at bottom a highly controversial one.

  • Our advice to the defensive investor is that he let it alone.
  • Let him emphasize diversification more than individual selection.

Incidentally, the universally accepted idea of diversification is, in part at least, the negation of the ambitious pretensions of selectivity.

  • If one could select the best stocks unerringly, one would only lose by diversifying.
  • Yet within the limits of the four most general rules of common-stock selection suggested for the defensive investor there is room for a rather considerable freedom of preference.
  • At the worst the indulgence of such preferences should do no harm; beyond that, it may add something worthwhile to the results.
  • With the increasing impact of technological developments on long-term corporate results, the investor cannot leave them out of this calculations.
  • Here, as elsewhere, he must seek a mean between neglect and overemphasis.

Ref: Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham

Double basis for market valuations

Asked a hundred security analysts to choose the "best" five stocks

Every investor would like his list to be better or more promising than the average. Hence the reader will ask whether, if he gets himself a competent adviser or security analyst, he should not be able to count on being supplied with an investment package of really superior merits.

A highly trained analyst ought to be able to use all his skill and techniques to improve substantially on something as obvious as the Dow Jones list. If not, what good are all his statistics, calculations and pontifical judgments?"

Suppose, as a practical test, we had asked a hundred security analysts to choose the "best" five stocks in the Dow Jones Average, to be bought at the end of 1970. Few would have come up with identical choices and many of the lists would have differed completely from each other.

This is not so surprising as it may at first appear. The underlying reason is that the current price of each prominet stock pretty well

  • reflects the salient factors in its financial record plus
  • the general opinion as to its future prospects.

Hence the view of any analyst that one stock is better buy than the rest must arise to a great extent

  • from his personal partialities and expectations, or
  • from the placing of his emphasis on one set of factors rather than on another in his work of evaluation.

If all analysts were agreed that one particular stock was better than all the rest, that issue would quickly advance to a price which would offset all of tis previous advantages.

Our statement that the current price reflects both known facts and future expectations was intended to emphasize the double basis for market valuations.

Ref: Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham

JTI






FY 09 EPS (Sen) 38.0 PER 12.1(x) Div Yield 4.8(%) ROE 21.2 (%)

EPS GR: last 5 years 7%, last 10 years -0.6%
Historical PE range: last 5 years 11.0 to 13.1, last 10 years 13.1 to 17.0
Historical DY range: last 5 years 8.2% to 6.8%, last 10 years 7.6% to 5.9%


JTI is in a defensive industry. Come rain or shine, its earnings will not be much affected. However, it is in an industry that is regulated negatively by the government. The government is curbing this industry, through various measures. It is anticipated that the growth of this industry will be challenging in the future years. Every year, one will have to worry each time the budget is announced. An unknown is the degree of confidence you have in your personal assessment of how fast JTI can grow its earningsg in this tightly regulated industry.


At the present price, based on historical comparative valuation, it is not exactly a bargain. Therefore, I would probably give this a miss and look elsewhere for undervalued stocks.

(I am only offering my personal view. You should make your own decision always.)

Buffett's view on the best book about investing ever written

Those following the postings recently would have completed 2 important chapters of The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham.

Having read this book a few times, it is amazing how much gems are in this book which are still very relevant.

Let us see what Warren E. Buffett wrote in the Preface to the Fourth Edition of this book.

He wrote:

I read the first edition of this book early in 1950, when I was nineteen. I thought then that it was by far the best book about investing ever written. I still think it is.

To invest successfully over a lifetime does not require a stratospheric IQ, unusual business insights, or inside information. What's needed is a sound intellectual framework for making decisions and the ability to keep emotions from corroding that framework. This book precisely and clearly prescribes the proper framework. You must supply the emotional discipline.

If you follow the behavioural and business principles that Graham advocates - and if you pay special attention to the invaluable advice in Chapters 8 and 20 - you will not get a poor result from your investments. (That represents more of a accomplishment than you might think.) Whether you achieve outstanding results will depend on the effort and intellect you apply to your investments, as well as on the amplitudes of stock-market folly that prevail during your investing career. The sillier the market's behaviour, the greater the opportunity for the business-like investor. Follow Graham and you will profit from folly rather than participate in it.

To me, Ben Graham was far more than an author or a teacher. More than any other man except my father, he influenced my life. Shortly after Ben's death in 1976, I wrote the following short remembrance about him the Financial Analysts Journal. As you read the book, I believe you'll perceive some of the qualities I mentioned in the tribute.

...


Ref: Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham