Variety of market-shaking bubbles might inflate in 2011

7 JAN, 2011, 12.27PM IST,BLOOMBERG
Variety of market-shaking bubbles might inflate in 2011

TOKYO: Welcome to the year of the bubble. It may seem an odd assertion at a time when many key economies are in, or on the verge of, recession. Yet near-zero interest rates in Washington, Tokyo and Frankfurt have a way of wreaking havoc with markets and human psychology. It's not a reach to say we have a bubble in bubbles. A variety of market-shaking bubbles might inflate before our eyes - some in asset markets, others in flawed perceptions. Here are eight.

Hot money: It's terrific the MSCI AC Asia Pacific Index jumped 14% last year, outpacing MSCI's broader indexes. It would be better, though, if the gains had more to do with fundamentals and less with ultra-low rates. The Bank of Japan's largess has long seeped overseas to boost stock, bond and property prices near and far. The yen-carry trade - borrowing cheaply in yen and using the funds for riskier bets overseas - was the forerunner of a similar dollar trade. Federal Reserve policies sent tidal waves of liquidity toward Asia in 2010. It could reach disastrous proportions, leaving a trail of ruin in its wake.

Decoupling theory: The bubble here is the unsustainable belief that Asia can grow rapidly no matter what happens among the biggest economies. Don't bet on it. It's great China is growing 9.6% and India at 8.9%. But, nothing would serve Asia better than a rebound in growth in the US , euro zone, Japan and the UK, which combined make up $34 trillion in annual output. Developing economies may live for a couple of years without the majors. Good luck keeping up that performance in the years ahead.

Food prices: A January 3 Times of India headline raised a question in many minds: "Can government do nothing legally to check prices?" The answer is: not much. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization predicts the global cost of importing foodstuffs totalled $1.026 trillion in 2010, compared with $893 billion in 2009. Imbalances in supply and demand and regional trade rigidities will accelerate the trend, swamping developing nations with the most basic of problems: Filling the bellies of those powering their economic rise.

Income inequality: The trajectory of everyday prices is a fast-developing setback to Asia's efforts to narrow its gaping rich-poor divide. Rising costs for cooking-oil and rice may mean little to a Goldman Sachs Group Inc staffer. To a family living on $3 a day and already spending two-thirds of income on food, they are devastating. Rising wealth disparities could foreshadow a year of tensions, as failed harvests and inflation cause famines, riots, hoarding and trade wars worldwide. The bubble here would be one in human suffering.

Wacky weather: A few months ago, drought was imperiling Australia's economic outlook. Today floods that some characterise as "biblical" have economists calculating the implications for commodity prices. Forget temperatures and focus on the increasing frequency of freaky weather patterns from Miami to Mumbai.

Currency reserves: Why any economy needs $2.7 trillion of them is beyond me. It's not just China that is trapped into adding to its currency stockpile to keep its existing holdings from losing value. Japan has more than $1 trillion, while Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand have a combined $1.3 trillion. Talk about an unproductive use of wealth - and a risk that's growing by the day with no easy fix in sight.

Geopolitical risks: Leave it to Kim Jong-Il to remind investors that the biggest surprises won't be from economic or corporate reports, but rogue regimes. Expect a bull market in territorial disputes. Faced with growing uncertainty, governments are desperate to placate the masses. The desire to unify the home population may lead to rifts between neighbours. Those seeking shelter from these brewing storms explains why gold is almost $1,400 an ounce.

Group of 20: Any optimism that European officials can avert disaster might be seen as irrational. The same goes for the belief that China can grow 10% annually forever or that Japan's leaders can defeat deflation. The real perceptions bubble is that a disparate grouping of 20 nations can tame out-of-whack markets and imbalances that were decades in the making. The year ahead might turn any, or all, of these accepted wisdoms on their head.

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