Monitoring your portfolio using Excel file.

Portfolio Management and Trading

Investing would be complete without a discussion of trading and portfolio management.



Trading

Trading - the process of buying and selling securities - can have a significant impact on one's investment results.  Good trading decisions can

• sometimes add to an investment's profitability and 
• other times can mean the difference between executing a transaction and failing to do so. 

Portfolio Management

Portfolio management encompasses

• trading activity 
• as well as the regular review of one's holdings. 

In addition, an investor's portfolio management responsibilities include

• maintaining appropriate diversification, 
• making hedging decisions, and 
• managing portfolio cash flow and liquidity. 

All investors must come to terms with the relentless continuity of the investment process. 

Although specific investments have a beginning and an end, portfolio management goes on forever. 




Investors in marketable securities will not have predictable annual results

Unlike many areas of endeavor, there is no near-annuity of profitable business, no backlog of upcoming investment returns. 

Heinz ketchup will have a reasonably predictable volume of sales year in and year out. In a sense, its profits of tomorrow were partially earned yesterday when its franchise was established.

Investors in marketable securities will not have predictable annual results, however, even if they possess shares representing fractional ownership of the same company. 

Moreover, attractive returns earned by Heinz may not correlate with the returns achieved by investors in Heinz; the price paid for the stock, and not just business results, determines their return.

The thought processes in building a portfolio that works.

You want an investment portfolio that meets your financial objectives. 

Investors have obvious goals:  to produce wealth and to preserve capital.

You also want that portfolio to accomplish those goals quietly, with a minimum of upsets, a minimum of nerves, a minimum of complex mathematics, and most likely, a reasonable amount of effort on your part, because you are busy doing other things in life too.

The tiered portfolio is divided into three primary tiers:

1.  The Foundation portfolio
2.  The Rotational portfolio
3.  The Opportunistic portfolio.



The Foundation portfolio (80%)

This is set up to meet or slightly beat expected market returns, often with stable and somewhat defensive investments.

Dividend-paying stocks with rising dividends and growing prospects while at the same time exhibiting low downside risk and volatility are a pretty good fit.

These investments can be stocks or funds, and can be augmented by fixed-income securities, real estate, or other investments that meet this general profile.



Rotational (10%) and Opportunistic (10%) portfolio

The purpose of these is to achieve better-than-market returns, perhaps with more volatility, but these portfolios are small enough to contain risk and to avoid consuming too much of your investing time and bandwidth.



Putting together your portfolio

How your portfolio is put together is entirely up to you, not only because the portfolio needs to suit your tastes, intuitions and the facts at the time, but also because many of the investments (and the mix of investments) may not even be available, or priced right, at the time.

Building a tiered portfolio

This tiered portfolio has three segments:

1.  Foundation investments
2.  Rotational investments
3.  Opportunistic investments.


Foundation investments (80%)

These are like dividend-paying stocks that produce market (or better) returns with relatively less risk.


Rotational investments (10%)

These are mostly ETFs and inverse investments.  They add some defense and sector diversification to your portfolio.


Opportunistic investments (10%)

These employ a little more risk to boost returns.



Aim

The net result should be a portfolio that generates above-market returns with below-market risk.

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

Portfolio of securities may offer equivalent expected returns with lower volatility of returns (lower risk) compared to individual securities.

The composition of the portfolio is an important determinant of the overall level of risk inherent in the portfolio.

By varying the weights of the individual securities, investors can arrive at a portfolio that offers the same return as an equally weighted portfolio, but with a lower standard deviation (risk).


Steps in the Portfolio Management Process

1.  Planning:

• The investment objectives - Understanding the investor's needs and constraints
•  Developing an investment policy statement (IPS) - The IPS is a written document that    describes the objectives and constraints of the investor.

2.  Execution:  

• Asset allocation - distribution of investable funds between various asset classes e.g., equities, fixed-income securities, alternative investments, etc.)
• Security Analysis - Analysis of companies and the industry to identify investments that offer the most attractive risk return characteristics from within each asset class.
• Portfolio construction - Constructing the portfolio, after determining the target asset allocation and conducting security analysis, in line with the objectives outlined in the IPS.

3.  Feedback

• Portfolio monitoring and rebalancing - The portfolio must be regularly monitored.  Changes in fundamental factors and investor's circumstances may require changes in the portfolio's composition.  Rebalancing may be required when changes in security prices cause a significant change in weight of assets in the portfolio.
• Performance measurement and reporting - This step involves measuring the performance (absolute or relative performance) of the portfolio stated in the IPS.

Create a Portfolio You Don't Have to Babysit

Great Q&A starting @ 42 min. Very insightful

Published on 14 Jun 2012
In this special one-hour presentation, Morningstar director of personal finance Christine Benz and ETF expert Mike Rawson discuss how to build a low-maintenance, hands-free portfolio that will help you reach your financial goals.

Note to viewers: Filmed in late April 2012, this Morningstar presentation was part of Money Smart Week, a series of free classes and activities organized by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and designed to help consumers better manage their personal finances. Morningstar is a Money Smart Week partner.

Download the presentation slides here:
http://im.mstar.com/im/moneysmartweek_presentation.pdf

Portfolio Management

When you start investing in stocks, you will soon have a portfolio of them. And managing your portfolio is just as important as picking the right stocks in the first place. Because if you mismanage your portfolio you could be minimizing your potential returns or end up losing money! 

So always take note of your stock portfolio and here are some guidelines to help you along:

1. This one is straightforward but some beginners neglect to do this - Keep records of all your investment decisions. If you don't keep track, you won't know how much you're making or losing!
2. A portfolio of 5-8 stocks is optimum for the typical investor . Keep within a certain number so your portfolio remains manageable. Too many stocks could result in a lack of proper management and cause losses in your portfolio
3. Monitor a company's' quarterly reports and keep track of their fundamental performance
4. On top of monitoring your stock through financial reports, you should attend the Annual General Meetings (AGMs) to meet a company's management team face-to-face
5. Stay current with world and economic affairs and monitor any news on your stocks and the industry they're in

In a nutshell, managing your portfolio can be summed up in one simple sentence: sell your losers, keep your winners. Sell bad, under-performing investments and cut your losses. Stay invested in good companies and hold on to them, especially if they have good growth potential.

Because let me ask you...

Would you be happy with a 22% dividend yield year after year? That means for every $100 you invested, you're getting $22 back in passive income every year. You don't even have to do anything to make that money; you just sit and wait!

Well, that's what value investing can do for you when you hold on to a winner long enough. Read this article below and it'll show you how:

http://www.millionaireinvestor.com/3-reasons-why-value-investing-is-so-powerful

MillionaireInvestor.com

Portfolio Management - Return Objectives and Investment Constraints

Return objectives can be divided into the following needs:

1. Capital Preservation - Capital preservation is the need to maintain capital. To accomplish this objective, the return objective should, at a minimum, be equal to the inflation rate. In other words, nominal rate of return would equal the inflation rate. With this objective, an investor simply wants to preserve his existing capital.

2. Capital Appreciation -Capital appreciation is the need to grow, rather than simply preserve, capital. To accomplish this objective, the return objective should be equal to a return that exceeds the expected inflation. With this objective, an investor's intention is to grow his existing capital base.
3. Current Income -Current income is the need to create income from the investor's capital base. With this objective, an investor needs to generate income from his investments. This is frequently seen with retired investors who no longer have income from work and need to generate income off of their investments to meet living expenses and other spending needs.

4. Total Return - Total return is the need to grow the capital base through both capital appreciation and reinvestment of that appreciation.

Investment ConstraintsWhen creating a policy statement, it is important to consider an investor's constraints. There are five types of constraints that need to be considered when creating a policy statement. They are as follows:

1. Liquidity Constraints - Liquidity constraints identify an investor's need for liquidity, or cash. For example, within the next year, an investor needs $50,000 for the purchase of a new home. The $50,000 would be considered a liquidity constraint because it needs to be set aside (be liquid) for the investor.
2. Time Horizon - A time horizon constraint develops a timeline of an investor's various financial needs. The time horizon also affects an investor's ability to accept risk. If an investor has a long time horizon, the investor may have a greater ability to accept risk because he would have a longer time period to recoup any losses. This is unlike an investor with a shorter time horizon whose ability to accept risk may be lower because he would not have the ability to recoup any losses.
3. Tax Concerns - After-tax returns are the returns investors are focused on when creating an investment portfolio. If an investor is currently in a high tax bracket as a result of his income, it may be important to focus on investments that would not make the investor's situation worse, like investing more heavily in tax-deferred investments.

4. Legal and Regulatory - Legal and regulatory factors can act as an investment constraint and must be considered. An example of this would occur in a trust. A trust could require that no more than 10% of the trust be distributed each year. Legal and regulatory constraints such as this one often can't be changed and must not be overlooked.

5. Unique Circumstances - Any special needs or constraints not recognized in any of the constraints listed above would fall in this category. An example of a unique circumstance would be the constraint an investor might place on investing in any company that is not socially responsible, such as a tobacco company.

The Importance of Asset AllocationAsset Allocation is the process of dividing a portfolio among major asset categories such as bonds, stocks or cash. The purpose of asset allocation is to reduce risk by diversifying the portfolio. 

The ideal asset allocation differs based on the risk tolerance of the investor. For example, a young executive might have an asset allocation of 80% equity, 20% fixed income, while a retiree would be more likely to have 80% in fixed income and 20% equities.
Citizens in other countries around the world would have different asset allocation strategies depending on the types and risks of securities available for placement in their portfolio. For example, a retiree located in the United States would most likely have a large portion of his portfolio allocated to U.S. treasuries, since the U.S. Government is considered to have an extremely low risk of default. On the other hand, a retiree in a country with political unrest would most likely have a large portion of their portfolio allocated to foreign treasury securities, such as that of the U.S.

Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/portfolio-management/return-objectives-investment-constraints.asp#ixzz1yfCssLbg

Portfolio Management - The Portfolio Management Process

The portfolio management process is the process an investor takes to aid him in meeting his investment goals.

The procedure is as follows:

1. Create a Policy Statement -A policy statement is the statement that contains the investor's goals and constraints as it relates to his investments.
2. Develop an Investment Strategy - This entails creating a strategy that combines the investor's goals and objectives with current financial market and economic conditions.
3. Implement the Plan Created -This entails putting the investment strategy to work, investing in a portfolio that meets the client's goals and constraint requirements.
4. Monitor and Update the Plan -Both markets and investors' needs change as time changes. As such, it is important to monitor for these changes as they occur and to update the plan toadjust for the changes that have occurred.

Policy StatementA policy statement is the statement that contains the investor's goals and constraints as it relates to his investments. This could be considered to be the most important of all the steps in the portfolio management process.The statement requires the investor to consider his true financial needs, both in the short run and the long run. It helps to guide the investment portfolio manager in meeting the investor's needs. When there is market uncertainty or the investor's needs change, the policy statement will help to guide the investor in making the necessary adjustments the portfolio in a disciplined manner.

Expressing Investment Objectives in Terms of Risk and ReturnReturn objectives are important to determine. They help to focus an investor on meeting his financial goals and objectives. However, risk must be considered as well. An investor may require a high rate of return. A high rate of return is typically accompanied by a higher risk. Despite the need for a high return, an investor may be uncomfortable with the risk that is attached to that higher return portfolio. As such, it is important to consider not only return, but the risk of the investor in a policy statement.

Factors Affecting Risk ToleranceAn investor's risk tolerance can be affected by many factors:

• Age- an investor may have lower risk tolerance as they get older and financial constraints are more prevalent.
• Family situation - an investor may have higher income needs if they are supporting a child in college or an elderly relative.
• Wealth and income - an investor may have a greater ability to invest in a portfolio if he or she has existing wealth or high income.
• Psychological - an investor may simply have a lower tolerance for risk based on his personality.

Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/portfolio-management/portfolio-management-process.asp#ixzz1yfBLNFTr

Super High-Growth Portfolio - Pushing the Limit to achieve Maximum Portfolio Growth

There are investors who can and should invest the time and effort to create a supper high-growth portfolio.

Although it will require greater effort in selection and maintenance, a high-performance portfolio can be achieved while abiding by the commandments of value.

Any appearance of higher risk must be well understood and accounted for in the share price.

Pushing the limit, say Graham and Dodd, is a game for the strong-minded and daring individual.


According to Graham, a growth stock should double its per share earnings in 10 years - that is, increase earnings at a compound annual rate of over 7.1%.  To do so, a growth stock's sales should be continually higher than sales in the early years.

The investor who can successfully identify such "growth companies" when their shares are available at reasonable prices is certain to do superlatively well with his capital.

Personal Portfolio Management

http://www.jackphanginvestment.com/2011/07/demo-of-personal-portfolio-management.html

1. Demo of Personal Portfolio Management - Part 1
2. Demo of Personal Portfolio Management - Part 2
3. Demo of Personal Portfolio Management - Part 3
4. Demo of Personal Portfolio Management - Part 4
5. You can be your own fund manager
6. My Equity Portfolio Construction Process
7. Risk Management - Important to Married Couples
8. What makes you still stick to your investment strategy when market condition changes?
9. My Portfolio Ratio Analysis
10. 6 Questions Every Investors should ask before starting an investment