Investor's Checklist: Banks

The business model of banks can be summed up as the management of three types of risk:  credit, liquidity, and interest rate.

Investors should focus on conservatively run institutions.  They should seek out firms that hold large equity bases relative to competitors and provision conservatively for future loan losses

Different components of banks' income statements can show volatile swings depending on a number of factors such as the interest rate and credit environment.  However, well-run banks should generally show steady net income growth through varying environments.  Investors are well served to seek out firms with a good track record.

Well-run banks focus heavily on matching the duration of assets with the duration of liabilities.  For instance, banks should fund long-term loans with liabilities such as long-term debt or deposits, not short-term funding. Avoid lenders that don't.

Banks have numerous competitive advantages.  They can borrow money at rates lower than even the federal government.  There are large economies of scale in this business derived from having an established distribution network.  the capital-intensive nature of banking deters new competitors.  Customer-switching costs are high, and there are limited barriers to exit money-losing endeavors.

Investors should seek out banks with a strong equity base, consistently solid ROEs and ROAs, and an ability to grow revenues at a steady pace.


Comparing similar banks on a price-to-book measure can be a good way to make sure you're not overpaying for a bank stock.


Ref:  The Five Rules to Successful Stock Investing by Pat Dorsey


Read also:
Investor's Checklist: A Guided Tour of the Market...

Stories from the Great Depression

Best stocks to buy now are banking stocks

Monday, January 5, 2009

Best stocks to buy now are banking stocks

Amid easing of liquidity, low bond yields and expectations of long term economic revival, banking stocks are seen as the best bet for investment - both in medium term and long term.

Banking sector is expected to outperform the market giving an on an average return of 20 per cent, according to analysts.

"With softer monetary policies and consequent reduction in bank lending rates and benchmark G-Sec rates, action would shift from core income to treasury and asset quality," said Amitabh Chakraborty, president (equities), Religare Securities.

Added Chakraborty, "Slower credit growth coupled with reduced benchmark prime lending rate (BPLR) will keep NII subdued. However, fall in benchmark rate will result in reversal of mark-to-market provision and trading gain opportunities."

BPLR is a short-term interest rate quoted by a commercial bank as an indication of the rate being charged on loans to its best commercial customers.

With capital adequacy ratio of 9 per cent and tier-I capital of 6 per cent, India banks (both PSUs and private sector) stand firm in the face of worsening global banking scenario.

Said Manish Sonthalia, vice president-equity strategy, Motilal Oswal, "Indian banks are 5 times more risk averse than US banks wherein capital adequacy ratio is merely around 2% as against standard 9% in India. The debt to equity ratio of Indian banks is 10 times more than US banks."

With a healthy 7 per cent GDP growth, India still stands strong in terms of economic development, for which banks are the major drivers for funds. Among Indian banks, PSU banks are the most preferred to park money. "Because of the higher investment of 27- 28% in SLR securities, the PSU banks are a better investment bet as against private banks (25% in SLR)," states a Religare research report.

Furthermore, because of more retail loan disbursement, chances of defaults are relatively higher for private banks.

However, net non-performing asset (NPA) levels for both PSU and private banks ranges between 0.7% and 1%. "Whatever may be the current NPA level; those are manageable and banks are making enough provisions for that. NPA is no threat for Indian banks," added Motilal's Sonthalia.

Top picks from PSU banks are SBI, Oriental bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda, Federal Bank etc while ICICI, HDFC, Axis are the banks which rule the roost in private segment.

CHECKOUT:
State Bank of India (SBI) - Elephant in Banking sector
ICICI Bank - BUY report from BNP Paribas Securities
HDFC - Safe Investment
HDFC - Best stock to invest in Banking sector

According to the analysts, any fresh 'buy' on these bank stocks can attract returns of upto 15-20% in a year. Meanwhile, market slowdown does not seem to have played any spoilsport for banks' financial performance. Experts are of the opinion that PSU banks are expected to post a hike in their bottom line on YoY basis.

Source: Economic Times

http://www.indianstocksnews.com/2009/01/best-stocks-to-buy-now-are-banking.html

Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Strong Capital Base

A strong capital base is the number one issue to consider before investing in a lender.

The investors can look at several metrics. The simplest is the equity-to-assets ratio; the higher, the better.

The level of capital should vary with each institution based on a number of factors including the riskiness of its loans, but most of the bigger banks have capital ratios in the 8% to 9% range.

Also look for a high level of loan loss reserves relative to non-performing assets.

These equity-to-assets ratio vary depending on

• the type of lending an institution does, as well as,
• the point of the business cycle in which they are taken.

All of these metrics are found in banks' financial reports, and they can be compared to the industry average.

In the US you can get these figures by logging on to the FDIC Web site, http://www.fdic.gov/.


Related posts:
Hallmarks of Success for Banks
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Strong Capital Base
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: ROE and ROA
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Efficiency Ratios
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Net Interest Margins
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Strong Revenues
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Price-to-Book

Hallmarks of Success for Banks

What should investors look for when investing in banks and other financiers?

Because their entire business - their strengths and their opportunities - is built on risk, it's a good idea to focus on conservatively managed institutions that consistently deliver solid - but not knockout - profits. Here's a list of some major metrics to consider:

1. Strong Capital Base
2. Return on Equity and Return on Assets
3. Efficiency Ratios
4. Net Interest Margins
5. Strong Revenues
6. Price-to-Book

These metrics should serve as a starting point for seeking out quality bank stocks.

Overall, we think the best defense for investors who want to pick their own financial services stocks is patience and a healthy sense of skepticism.

Build a paper portfolio of core companies that look promising and learn the businesses over time. Get a feel for,

• the kind of lending they do,
• the way that risk is managed,
• the quality of management, and
• the amount of equity capital the bank holds.

When an opportunity presents itself - and one always does - you'll be in a much better position to act.

Ref: The Five Rules for Successful Stock Investing by Pat Dorsey


Related posts:
Hallmarks of Success for Banks
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Strong Capital Base
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: ROE and ROA
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Efficiency Ratios
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Net Interest Margins
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Strong Revenues
Hallmarks of Success for Banks: Price-to-Book

Banks - It's All about Risk

Whether a financial institution specializes in making commercial loans or consumer loans, banking is centered on: risk management.

Bank accepts 3 types of risks:

• credit,
• liquidity, and,
• interest rate,

and they get paid to take on this risk.

Borrowers and lenders pay banks through interest or fees because they are unwilling to manage the risk on their own, or because banks can do it more cheaply.

But just as their advantage lies in mitigating others' risk, banks' greatest strength - the ability to earn a premium for managing credit and interest rate risk - can quickly become their greatest weakness if, for example, loan loss grow faster than expected.

Return on Assets

This measures the company's profitability, expressed as a percentage of its total assets.

Why it is important

Return on assets (ROE) measures how effectively a company has used the total assets at its disposal to generate earnings. Because the ROA formula reflects total revenue, total cost, and assets deployed, the ratio itself reflects a management's ability to generate income during the course of a given period, usually a year.

The higher the return the better the profit performance. ROA is a convenient way of comparing a company's performance with that of its competitors, although the items on which the comparison is based may not always be identical.

ROA = net income / total asset

Variation of this formula

A variation of this formula can be used to calculate return on net asset (RONA)

RONA = net income/(fixed assets + working capital)

And, on occasion, the formula will separate after-tax interest expense from net income:

ROA = (net income + interest expense) / total assets

It is therefore important to understand what each components of the formula actually represents.

TRICKS OF THE TRADE

• Some experts recommend using the net income value at the end of the given period, and the assets value from beginning of the period or an average value taken over the complete period, rather than an end-of-the-period value; otherwise, the calculation will include assets that have accumulated during the year, which can be misleading.
  
  
• While a high ratio indicates a greater return, it must still be balanced against such factors as risk, sustainability, and reinvestment in the business through development costs. Some managements will sacrifice the long-term intersts of investors in order to achieve an impressive ROA in the short term.
  
  
• A climbing return on assets usually indicates a climbing stock price, because it tells investors that a management is skilled at generating profits from the resources that a business owns.
  
  
• Acceptable ROAs vary by sector. In banking, for example, a ROA of 1% or better is considered to be the standard benchmark of superior performance.
  
  
• ROA is an effective way of measuring the efficiency of manufacturers, but can be suspect when measuring service companies, or companies whose primary assets are people.
  
  
• Other variations of the ROA formula do exist.

Khan Academy - Banking and Money

Banking and Money
Banking 1
Banking 2: A bank's income statement
Banking 3: Fractional Reserve Banking
Banking 4: Multiplier effect and the money supply
Banking 5: Introduction to Bank Notes
Banking 6: Bank Notes and Checks
Banking 7: Giving out loans without giving out gold
Banking 8: Reserve Ratios
Banking 9: More on Reserve Ratios (Bad sound)
Banking 10: Introduction to leverage (bad sound)
Banking 11: A reserve bank
Banking 12: Treasuries (government debt)
Banking 13: Open Market Operations
Banking 14: Fed Funds Rate
Banking 15: More on the Fed Funds Rate
Banking 16: Why target rates vs. money supply
Banking 17: What happened to the gold?
Banking 18: Big Picture Discussion