How to decide what shares to buy?

How to decide what to buy?

When it comes to deciding what shares to buy, the most important thing to consider is your investment goals, in particular, the performance goals you set for the share investments portion of your portfolio.

For example, you might be aiming to achieve an average after-tax dividend yield of 4% p.a. and capital growth of 8% p.a. over the next 10 years.  In that case, you could buy some shares that provide reliable, tax-effective dividends and the expectation of solid year-on-year growth.

Alongside long term investing, there are share trading opportunities that offer the chance to grow your investment capital more quickly.  Active or daily trading carries with it certain risks that need to be considered carefully.  With this in mind, looking at the range of categories that shares fall into can be a useful place to start.

(Long term investors aim to capture an upward trend in market value.  Short term investors try to capture value from the volatility in the share market.)

Income shares - Pay larger dividends, compared to other types of shares, that can be used to generate income without selling the shares, but the share price generally does not rise very quickly.

Blue chip shares - Issued by companies with long histories of growth and stability.  Blue chip shares usually pay regular dividends and generally maintain a fairly steady price trend.

Growth shares -  Issued by entrepreneurial companies experiencing a faster rate of growth than their general industries.  These shares normally pay little or no dividends because the company needs most or all of its earnings to finance expansion.

Cyclical shares -  Issued by companies that are affected by general economic trends.  The share prices tend to fall during periods of economic recession and rise during economic booms.  For example, mining, heavy machinery, and home building companies.

Defensive shares -  The opposite of cyclical shares.  Companies producing staples such as food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and insurance issue defensive shares.  They typically maintain their value during economic downturns.


http://www.asx.com.au/courses/shares/course_01/index.html?shares_course_01

A Look at Growth, Income and Value Investing

Investing Philosophies - Part One
A Look at Growth, Income, and Value Investing
By Ken Little, About.com

Developing an investing philosophy may seem like an academic exercise, however over time, it will help shape your thinking about the types of stocks that work for your portfolio.

This first of a two-part series looks at the three main investing philosophies:
Growth
Value
Income

Most investors fall into one or a combination of these investing philosophies.


Growth Investors

As the name implies, growth investors look for the rising stars. They are interested in companies that have high potential for earning growth. High earning growth invariable leads to high stock prices – at least in theory. Growth investors are willing to bet on young companies that show promise of becoming leaders in their industry.

The technology stocks, especially during the late 1990s, were the perfect example of growth stocks. Many of these young companies started with an idea and nothing more and now are large successful companies.

Of course, a great many more of those same technology companies started out with an idea and nothing more and ended up where they started. Which is to say that growth investing carries the risk that some of your investments are going to fail. As much as Americans like success stories, there are more failures than successes when it comes to market leadership.

Value Investors

Value investors look for the stocks that the market has overlooked. Value doesn’t mean cheap as in low per share price, but under priced relative to the value of the company.

These are stocks the market has passed over while chasing some other industry sector or more glamorous investments. The value investor looks for stocks with a low price/earnings ratio meaning the market is not willing to pay much in the way of a premium for the stock.

Of course, the value investor needs to make sure there in nothing wrong with the company that would warrant a low stock price other than neglect or market inattention. Assuming the company is solid, the value investor’s strategy is to buy and hold the stock, anticipating the future time when the market will recognize the company’s worth and bid the stock up to its true value.

Income Investors

Income investing is the most straight-forward of all philosophies and the most conservative. Income is the motivation and investors target companies paying high and consistent dividends.

People near or in retirement are fond of this strategy for obvious reasons. The companies that qualify for the income investor tend to be large and well-established. There is always some risk involved in investing in stocks, however this remains the most conservative of the investing philosophies.

If the stock price increases, that’s icing on the cake for the income investor who would probably trade some capital appreciation for a higher dividend.

Conclusion

These three investing philosophies take in a large number of investors, however it is not required that you fall purely in one camp or another. As a practical matter, you will likely modify your investing philosophy as your life circumstances change.


http://stocks.about.com/od/investingphilisophies/a/Investphilone.htm

Stock Market Classification of Equity Shares

Stock market classification of Equity Shares

Blue chip shares: Shares of large, well-established, and financially strong companies with an impressive record of earnings and dividends.

Growth shares: Shares of companies that have a fairly entrenched position in a growing market and which enjoy an above average rate of growth as well as profitability.

Income shares: Shares of companies that have fairly stable operations, relatively limited growth opportunities, and high dividend payout ratios.

Cyclical shares: Shares of companies that have a pronounced cyclicality in their operations.

Defensive shares: Shares of companies that are relatively unaffected by the ups and downs in general business conditions.

Speculative shares: Shares that tend to fluctute wdely because there is a lot of speculative trading in them.

Note that the above classification is only indicative. It should not be regarded as rigid and straightjacketed. Often you can't pigeonhole a share exclusively in a single category. In fact, many shares may fall into two (or even more) categories.