Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill

A summary of various chapters

Author’s Preface

Think and Grow Rich starts with Hill’s preface that discusses how he came to learn the secrets of success. He shares the story of meeting Carnegie and being challenged to spend twenty years or more interviewing other successful people and compiling their strategies into a philosophy of success. Hill reports that Carnegie believed anyone could build wealth and that the strategies of success should be included in traditional education.

Hill provides a list of many of the interviewees including Henry Ford, William Jennings Bryan, George Eastman, John D. Rockefeller, and Clarence Darrow. He also points out that as well as interviewing successful people, that he had others test the ideas to great success. A clergyman used the strategies to develop an income of $750,000 per year. A tailor used it to save his nearly bankrupt business.

Hill refers to the strategies as a “secret” and says that the purpose is to convey “...a great universal truth through which all who are READY may learn, not only WHAT TO DO, BUT ALSO HOW TO DO IT! and receive as well, THE NEEDED STIMULUS TO MAKE A START,” (author’s emphasis, p. 12).

Introduction

“TRULY, ‘thoughts are things,’ and powerful things at that, but when they are mixed with definiteness of purpose, persistence and a BURNING DESIRE for their translation into riches, or other material objects.” Hill opens the book with the essence of the law of success; that thoughts can influence outcomes and that pared with purpose, persistence and desire can lead to great achievement. He continues by sharing the story of Edwin C. Barnes who wanted to partner with Thomas Edison, not simply work for him. The only thing stopping him was that he couldn’t afford to get to Orange, New Jersey and he didn’t know Edison. Once overcoming those obstacles, he needed to convince Edison to let him work side by side. While Edison didn’t take him on as a partner initially, he did recognize Barnes’ desire and passion and offered him a job. Eventually, Barnes did become a partner by becoming the major distributer of the Edison Dictating Machine.

Hill shares several other stories such as Three Feet from Gold in which Mr. Darby sought to mine gold, but after several failed attempts, quit. He sold his equipment and left town. The buyers of the equipment did some research, and found the vein of gold three feet from where Mr. Darby finally quit, highlighting how easily people give up just before success arrives.

The introduction finishes with a letter from Jennings Randolph, a member of congress who had seen Hill deliver a commencement speech at Salem College in West Virginia. The letter, written in midst of the Great Depression says, “There are thousands of people in America today who would like to know how they can convert ideas into money -- people who must start at scratch, without finances, and recoup their losses. If anyone can help them, you can.”

Desire

The first step toward riches, according to Think and Grow Rich is desire. Hill says that desire is more than hope or a wish. Instead it is burning and definite. Hill provides six steps by which one can use desire to attain riches:

1. Determine the exact amount of money desired.
2. Decide what will be given in return for the money (there is no such thing as something for nothing).
3. Set a date by which the money will be attained.
4. Create a plan and implement it immediately.
5. Write a clear statement that includes steps one through four.
6. Read the statement aloud twice daily, once in the morning and once at night.

Hill encourages readers to follow the six steps even in the face of challenges or nay-sayers. He says that failure brings with it the seeds of success, highlighting Edison’s 10,000 attempts to create the electric light bulb. He provides a list of people who were not only ordinary, but who often failed and had to overcome extraordinary obstacles including Edison, Abraham Lincoln, Henry Ford and Helen Keller.

Hill finishes the chapter by sharing the story of his son who was born without ears, the prognosis of which was that he would be deaf and mute. Hill chose to believe a different outcome. His desire for his son to hear and speak were transferred to the boy, who eventually did learn to hear and speak, and became a success in his own right.

Faith

The second step toward riches is faith. Hill admits that developing faith in a goal is difficult when circumstances operate against the goal. He indicates that affirmations or auto-suggestions are the key to developing faith. “Faith is a state of mind which may be induced by auto-suggestion,” (p. 59).

While difficult to cultivate, Hill reports faith is essential to success. “Faith is the only known antidote for FAILURE!” (p. 60). Like Law of Attraction experts of today, Hill says that faith impacts thought vibrations and is the only way that the “cosmic force of Infinite Intelligence can be harnessed and used by man,” (p. 60).

Hill suggests building faith by:

1. Believing in the ability to achieve the goal, being persistent and taking consistent action.
2. Recognizing that thoughts influence action and therefore spending 30 minutes a day focusing on the desired outcome.
3. Using auto-suggestion 10 minutes a day to build self-confidence.
4. Writing down the definite purpose or aim in life.
5. Committing to give back and take action that also benefits others.

Hill provides several real life examples of developing faith from Abraham Lincoln and Charles Schwab. But the best example of the importance of faith is the verse:

If you think you are beaten, you are,

If you think you dare not, you don’t.

If you like to win, but you think you can’t

It is almost certain you won’t.

If you think you’ll lose, you’re lost

For out of the world we fin,

Success begins with a fellow’s will --

It’s all in the state of mind.

If you think you are outclassed, you are,

You’ve got to think high to rise,

You’ve got to be sure of yourself before

You can ever win a prize.

Life’s battles don’t always go

To the stronger or faster man,

But soon or late the man who wins

Is the man WHO THINKS HE CAN!

(p. 65)

Auto-Suggestion

Auto-suggestion is Hill’s third step toward riches. He reports that auto-suggestion refers to all suggestions and self-administered stimuli that reaches the mind through the five senses; or in other words, it’s self-suggestion. The goal of auto-suggestion is to program the subconscious mind for success. For example, the steps to build desire require reading a wealth goal statement twice daily. This action tells the subconscious mind what the desired outcome and builds faith.

For auto-suggestion to work, Hill says that one must be able to feel the words. “Plain, unemotional words do not influence the subconscious mind. You will get no appreciable results until you learn to reach your subconscious mind with thoughts, or spoken words which have been well emotionalized with BELIEF,” (p. 83).

Hill also says that concentration is also crucial to success in auto-suggestion. When following the six steps in the Desire chapter, he encourages readers to create a picture of the exact amount of money desired and holding the thought.

Hill’s instructions for using auto-suggestion are:

1. In a quiet place, such as in bed at night, close your eyes and repeat aloud your statement about the amount of money you plan to accumulate. Visualize yourself as already having the money.
2. Repeat this exercise every morning and night until you can picture in your mind the a money you plan to have.
3. Place a written copy of your statement where you can see it. Read it every night and morning until you’ve memorized it.

Hill admits that some people might be skeptical or find the exercise odd, but he presses on saying that, “Man may become the master of himself, and of his environment, because he has the POWER TO INFLUENCE HIS OWN SUBCONSCIOUS MIND, and through it gain the cooperation of Infinite Intelligence,” (p. 88). He also recommends reading this chapter out loud once a day until the principles of auto-suggestion are ingrained.

Specialized Knowledge

The fourth step toward riches is specialized knowledge. Hill makes important distinctions between general knowledge and even education saying that neither brings money. He points out that most teachers and professors don’t have financial wealth. Further, many of the success stories used in Think and Grow Rich involve men with very little formal education.

Hill says that “Knowledge will not attract money, unless it is organized, and intelligently directed, through practical PLANS OF ACTION, to the DEFINITE END of accumulation of money,” (p. 92). In essence, Hill believes the failure of education is that it doesn’t show students how to organize and use the information they learn. He uses the example of the libel case Henry Ford brought against a Chicago newspaper for calling him an ignorant pacifist. The paper’s attorneys put Ford on the stand and asked him general questions designed to reveal that he was ignorant. When Ford tired of the questions, he asked the lawyer, “...WHY I should clutter up my mind with general knowledge, for the purpose being able to questions, when I have men around me who can supply me any knowledge I require?” (p. 93). Hill points out that education isn’t about how much you know, but in your ability to find the answers.

The chapter continues by saying that earning money requires a specialized knowledge of the services, products or profession that will be used to earn it. The goal and means to which one plans to achieve the goal will reveal exactly what is needed to learn. After that, one has to decide how to gain the knowledge. Hill lists several sources of knowledge including:

1. Personal experience and education
2. Experience and education of others through a Master Mind group
3. Colleges and universities
4. Public libraries
5. Specialized training courses

Imagination - The Workshop of the Mind

Imagination is the fifth step toward riches and is instrumental in creating plans for success. It’s where desire is given form and the necessary action is formulated. Hill explains that imagination is what has led to man’s greatest feats such as flying.

Hill describes two forms of imagination: synthetic imagination and creative imagination. Synthetic imagination involves arranging concepts, ideas or plans into new forms. Creative imagination connects with Infinite Intelligence and materializes in the form of hunches or inspiration. Desire, faith and auto-suggestion all play a part in connecting with the Infinite Intelligence and creative imagination.

He gives an example of how creative imagine has spawned a fortune in the story of the old kettle. A doctor approached a pharmacy clerk hoping to sell an old kettle, wooden spoon and recipe. The clerk purchased the items for $500. Hill reports that more than buying an old kettle, the clerk bought an idea. The clerk mixed the recipe, added one of his own ingredients, and created Coca-Cola. Hill writes that Coca-Cola’s “... empire of wealth and influence grew out of a single IDEA, and that the mysterious ingredient the drug clerk --Asa Candler-- mixed with the secret formula was...IMAGINATION,” (p. 119).

Hill emphasizes that wealth comes from ideas and that ideas come from imagination. They have a power to outlive their creator, as illustrated by Jesus (the Golden Rule), Asa Candler (Coca-Cola) and Henry Ford (assembly line).

Organized Planning

The sixth step toward riches involves transforming desire into action. The processes of wealth starts with desire, begins to form in imagination and evolves through planning. In the Desire chapter, Hill outlines six tasks required to generate wealth. The fourth of those tasks is creating plan. Hill provides four steps to developing a plan:

1. Form a Master Mind group by connecting with people who are needed to assist in carrying out your plan.
2. Determine what to offer the people in the Master Mind group.
3. Make arrangements to meet with Master Mind members at least twice a week or more.
4. Maintain harmony with members of the Master Mind group.

Hill reports that plans can be created by an individual, but that details of the plan should be checked by members of the Master Mind group for feedback and approval before implementing.

He also encourages one to create new plans if current plans fail. “If the first plan which you adopt does not work successfully, replace it with a new plan; if this new plan fails to work, replace it in turn with still another, and so on, until you find a plan which DOES WORK,” (p 133). He reminds readers that Thomas Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. In fact, he indicates that Edison didn’t fail, but instead, he suffered from temporary defeat 10,000 times. Temporary defeat is a part of obtaining success and therefore should not be a reason to quit. Hill says that temporary defeat is simply a clue that there is something wrong with the plan. The goal is to tweak the plan until it works.

Hill also writes that the most successful people are leaders, not followers. While one starts out as a follower, Hill says that to generate wealth one must strive to become a leader in their chosen calling. The important factors of leadership, according to Hill are:

1. Unwavering courage
2. Self-Control
3. A keen sense of justice
4. Definiteness of decision
5. Definiteness of plans
6. The habit of doing more than paid for
7. A pleasing personality
8. Sympathy and understanding
9. Mastery of detail
10. Willingness to assume full responsibility
11. Cooperation

(p. 136 -138)

He reports that the major cause of failure are do to:

1. Inability to organize details
2. Unwillingness to render humble service
3. Expectation of pay for what they “know” instead of what they do with that which they know
4. Fear of competition from followers
5. Lack of imagination
6. Selfishness
7. Intemperance
8. Disloyalty
9. Emphasis of the “authority” of leader
10. Emphasis of title

(p. 139-141)

Hill provides a series of tips for applying for work or promoting oneself including how to write a brief that outlines education, experience, references, and other details in impressing an employer. He further reports that to be successful, one needs to apply Q.Q.S. or Quality, Quantity and Spirit. This means providing quality service, rendering all the service to which one is capable of supplying (quantity), and do so with a positive attitude (spirit).

The planning chapter also includes a list of 30 reason most people fail including lack of purpose, ambition, education, self-discipline and health. Hill provides a self-assessment questionnaire with the idea that the better you know yourself, the easier it will be to plan and avoid failure.

Decision

The seventh step to riches involves making decisions and avoiding procrastination. Hill reports that one of the top reasons people fail is procrastination. Success requires making decisions and taking action. Occasionally decisions need to be made quickly and may involve risks. Examples of risky decisions include the Founding Fathers’ Declaration of Independence, Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, and Robert E. Lee’s choice to side with the south.

In this chapter, Hill provides more details about the decisions made by these men and several others. His ultimate message is that, “Those who reach DECISIONS promptly and definitely know what they want, and generally get it. The leaders in every walk of life DECIDE quickly and firmly,” (p. 198).

Persistence

The eight step toward riches is persistence. According to Hill, persistence is a necessary practice to developing faith and achieving one’s goals. For most of the successful men used in Think and Grow Rich, persistence played a key role. How long would the world have remained in darkness if Edison had given up on his incandescent light bulb after the first, tenth or even 999th try? Hill shares several other examples of persistence, such as Fannie Hurst who received thirty-six rejection slips from the Saturday Evening Post, before she was finally published.

Hill reports that persistence is a state of mind that can be developed with:

• Definiteness of purpose
• Desire
• Self-reliance
• Definiteness of plans
• Accurate knowledge
• Cooperation
• Will-power
• Habit

He says that people who don’t have persistence lack the skills and traits listed above. He also says they tend to blame others, seek short cuts, and fear rejection or criticism.

Fortunately, Hill provides simple ways to develop persistence.

1. Create a definite purpose backed by burning desire.
2. Develop a definite plan backed by action.
3. Close the mind to negative and discouraging influences.
4. Develop alliances with people who encourage and support the goal.

Hill says that these four steps, “lead also to the mastery of FEAR, DISCOURAGEMENT, INDIFFERENCE,” (p. 215).

Power of the Master Mind

“Power is essential for success in the accumulation of money,” (p. 223) and is the ninth step toward riches. Hill reports that plans are useless without power to turn them into action. He defines power as, “organized and intelligently directed KNOWLEDGE,” (p. 223). He says that power is not only crucial to gaining wealth, but in keeping it as well. He reports that the methods of gaining power or knowledge is:

1. Infinite Intelligence with the help of Creative Intelligence.
2. Experience
3. Experiment and research

This knowledge is converted into power when it is organized into plans and executed through action.

The “Master Mind” component is the “Coordination of knowledge and effort, in a spirit of harmony, between two or more people, for the attainment of a definite purpose,” (p. 225). No one ever achieves success in a vacuum. Instead, all great successes received support, knowledge and even assistance from others.

Hill says there are two characteristics of Master Mind; economic and spiritual. The economic aspect is that wealth can be created when one surrounds himself with advice, counsel and cooperation of others who are willing to help. The spiritual part is more abstract. According to Hill, the universe is made up of matter and energy. When humans work together in a “spirit of harmony”, their spiritual energy combine making up the psychic aspect of Master Mind. Hill likens it to batteries in which several batteries provide more energy than a single battery. In another example, he suggests that Henry Ford was able to overcome poverty, illiteracy and ignorance to start a business on his own, but his success grew exponentially from his affiliation and friendship with Thomas Edison.

The Mystery of Sex Transmutation

The tenth step toward riches is sex transmutation, which involves converting sexual energy into creative energy. Hill says that sexual desire is the most powerful of human desires and can lead men to risk their lives and reputations. But when harnessed and redirected, it can be used as a creative force. He says, “Among the greatest and most powerful of these stimuli is the urge of sex. When harnessed and transmuted, this driving forces is capable of lifting men into that higher sphere of thought which enables them to master the source of worry and petty annoyance which beset their pathway on the lower plan,” (p. 243).

Some people interpret this section to mean that successful people indulge in titillating activities that increase energy, but don’t experience orgasm, which is a release and lowers energy. However, others believe Hill suggests the use of sex transmutation in the same way some religious sects practice celibacy. The idea is that by not having physical release, the sexual urges can be redirected to a higher plane bringing one closer to God. that’s not to say that Hill is promoting life long celibacy. Hill reports that sexual desire and sex is natural and good. It can bring intimacy between a man and woman. However, he seemed to think men engaged in sex too often by pointing out that animals only have sex when in season. Hill believed that by sometimes choosing not to act on sexual urges, and instead transmutting them, one can become more creative. Hill reports, without giving a name, that one of the America’s most capable businessmen admitted that his attractive secretary inspired many of the plans he created.

Interestingly, Hill believes that men’s pursuit of power and money is to please women. And without women, wealth would be useless to men. He reports that women are a requirement for men’s success. “...NO MAN IS HAPPY OR COMPLETE WITHOUT THE MODIFYING INFLUENCE OF THE RIGHT WOMAN,” (p. 259).

Short of hiring a sexy secretary or marrying an attractive woman, Hill doesn’t provide any tips on how men can best harness sexual power through sex transmutation.

The Subconscious Mind

Learning to plant achievement oriented thoughts into the subconscious mind is the eleventh step toward riches. Hill says that you can’t completely control the subconscious mind, but that one can “VOLUNTARILY plant in your subconscious mind any plan, thought or purpose which desire to translate into its physical or monetary equivalent,” (p. 261). This is important to success because the subconscious mind works automatically 24/7 to act on dominant desires or thoughts. Because it works on its own, it has the power to influence outcomes based on the dominating beliefs housed in it. It’s why “If you think you are beaten, you are,” and “...the man who wins is the man WHO THINKS HE CAN,” (p. 65).

Hill reports that the thirteen steps toward riches outlined in Think and Grow Rich are designed to reach and influence the subconscious to develop the belief and creativity needed to be successful. Further, he says that regardless of what one does, thoughts and feelings exist in the subconscious mind and will influence outcomes, so one might was well plant positive thoughts. The challenge is to shut out the negative impulses and replace them with positive ones.

Hill says that the subconscious mind is most influenced by thoughts that are accompanied with feelings. He says, “In fact, there is much evidence to support the theory that ONLY emotionalized thoughts have any ACTION influence upon the subconscious mind,” (p. 265). Hill suggests applying one of the seven major positive emotions to thoughts:

1. Desire
2. Faith
3. Love
4. Sex
5. Enthusiasm
6. Romance
7. Hope

He warns against attaching the negative feelings of:

1. Fear
2. Jealousy
3. Hatred
4. Revenge
5. Greed
6. Superstition
7. Anger

Hill says that positive and negative feeling and thoughts cannot exist at the same time. “FAITH and FEAR make poor bedfellows. Where one is found, the other cannot exist,” (p. 270).

The Brain

The Brain is the twelfth step toward riches. Hill discusses brain knowledge of the time including the existence of 10 to 14 million nerve cells, and research on telepathy. The chapter essentially explains how Master Mind groups, sexual transmutation and the subconscious steps work. Hill reports that the brain is both a broadcasting and receiving station, and the greater vibration achieved for receiving, the more open the brain is to other signals. He reports that the subconscious mind is the broadcasting station and the Creative Imagination is the receiving station. These vibrations can be increased with more people as in a Master Mind group and can increase access to the higher self such as through transmutation.

The Sixth Sense

Hill refers to the thirteenth step toward riches as the sixth sense which involves the ability to access the Infinite Intelligence without effort. To achieve it, one must master the previous twelve steps. The Infinite intelligence is the Creative Imagination or receiving station of the subconscious mind.

Hill reports that the sixth sense cannot be explained, but only experienced and understood by those who meditate and develop the mind from within. Because the sixth sense connects man to the Infinite Intelligence, it’s a mixture of both mental and spiritual, and is the point at which man can also connect with the Universal Mind. Hill suggest that at this level, the sixth sense will warn about dangers and notify of opportunities.

While Hill speaks of spiritual aspects, he reports he doesn’t believe in miracles and that the sixth sense works within nature’s laws. He explains this higher level of consciousness in scientific terms. “...there is a power, or First Cause, or an Intelligence, which permeates every atom or matter, and embraces every unit of energy perceptible to man -- that this Infinite Intelligence converts acorns into oak trees, causes water to flow downhill in response to the law of gravity, follows night with day, and winter with summer, each maintaining its proper place and relationship to the other.” Hill reports that anyone can achieve this sixth sense and tap into the Infinite Intelligence by following the thirteen steps.

How to Outwit the Six Ghosts of Fear

While Think and Grow Rich is about positive energy, thoughts and feelings, Hill understood that negative influences, particularly fear could sabotage efforts to gain wealth and power. He lists the six basic fears that limit people as:

1. Poverty
2. Criticism
3. Ill Health
4. Love of Love
5. Old Age
6. Death

He provides information about each fear including their symptoms. For example, the symptoms of the fear of poverty are:

1. Indifference
2. Indecision
3. Doubt
4. Worry
5. Over-caution
6. Procrastination

Within the symptoms comes the answer for overcoming the fear. For example, to overcome the fear of poverty, one must develop interest, become decisive, build faith and self-confidence, step into the unknown, and take action.

Along with the six fears, Hill lists another “evil” that can sabotage achievement and that is “SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NEGATIVE INFLUENCES,” (p. 323). To overcome negative influences, Hill suggests:

• Recognize that humans, by nature are lazy, indifferent and susceptible to suggestions and reinforce the negative.
• Recognize that humans, by nature are susceptible to basic fears and need to set up habits that counteract those fears.
• Recognize that negative influences can impact the subconscious mind, and steps need to be taken to close the mind against people who don’t support the dream.
• Throw out pill bottles and stop using illness as an excuse.
• Seek out people who are a positive influence.
• Don’t expect trouble.

Hill provides a self-analysis test designed to help readers better understand themselves, their strengths, weakness and vulnerable areas. He then reminds people that the only thing they have total control over is their thoughts. And as stated at the beginning of the book, thoughts are things that influence great success or failure.

He ends the book with 57 famous alibis, which are common excuses people use to explain their poor achievement. They include lack of money, health, support, connections, luck and more. Hill emphasizes that by following the 13 steps toward riches and dealing with fear, “...every one of these alibis is obsolete,” (p. 333.)

http://www.hyperink.com/Chapter-By-Chapter-Synopsis-Of-Think-And-Grow-Rich-b1173a12

Think and Grow Rich (audiobook)


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6umDbz6Ezkk&list=PLXXjgufwzS3142fAbUGbcpk1XpMDgcBuW

Ferragamo Offers A Diversified And Long-Term Exposure To The Luxury Industry

Mar. 13, 2014 

Summary

• Ferragamo has a strong positioning on the Premium segment and a diversified profile.
• The Italian company is well positioned to benefit from all the major growth engines of the luxury industry in the upcoming years.
• Ferragamo announced increasing revenues and improving margins for 2013.

Overview and 2013 results

Salvatore Ferragamo Group (OTC:SFRGF)(OTCPK:SFRGY) is an Italian luxury goods company that was founded in 1928 by Salvatore Ferragamo in Florence focusing on ladies' footwear. The group operates now worldwide through more than 600 mono-brand stores and employs more than 3,000 collaborators. The company specializes in footwear, leather goods, ready-to-wear, accessories and perfumes. Ferragamo went public in June 2011 and is listed in the Milan stock exchange. The company has a premium positioning and a strong brand image, which makes it possible to target High net worth individuals, generate increasing revenues worldwide and resist to slower economies.

Ferragamo published strong 2013 results with improving revenues and margins:

€m	2013	2012	Variation (%)
Revenues	1,258	1,153	9.1
EBITDA	260	228	13.9
EBITDA margin (%)	20.7	19.8	n/a
EBIT	219	194	12.8
EBIT margin (%)	17.4	16.9	n/a
Net income	160	125	27.7

Source: Financial report

The debt profile also improved as net debt decreased by 43% from €57.8m to €32.6m ($45m), which accounts for a 0.1x net debt/ EBITDA ratio.

Summary of the luxury industry trends and upcoming growth engines

According to Bain, the luxury market was worth €217b in 2013 and is expected to grow by 5/6% over the next years. The number of consumers reached approximately 330m people in 2013 and should increase to 400m by 2020 and 500m by 2050.

• Customers

According to Bain, the top bracket of "true luxury" consumers (individuals with the highest incomes, buying the most expensive items), represented about 15m people who together spend €100b on luxury goods a year, almost half of the global luxury market.

HENRYs (High Earners, Not Rich Yet) are becoming a primary target for luxury goods companies. It refers to a segment of families earning between $250,000 and $500,000, but not having much left after taxes, schooling, housing and family costs.

The middle class in emerging markets should finally become one of the main growth drivers in the medium-term. Their consumption of accessories, perfumes and ready-to-wear products should increase in the next years.

• Main products

The report highlights that revenues will be driven by absolute luxury items (high level products, high quality materials, strong brand image etc.). Leather goods, accessories and shoes already became the biggest segment and should keep growing faster than other categories (4% growth in 2013 and 28% of total sales). Cosmetics and perfumes are slowing down in mature markets but are still strong in emerging countries (2% growth in 2013).

• Main markets

According to Bain, the main markets for luxury items are the Americas (4% growth), China (4% growth), South East Asia (11% growth) and the Middle East (5% growth). Europe is stable with a 2% growth and Japan should experience a 12% decline (mainly due to the depreciation of the currency). The study also underlines the fact that Africa is becoming a high-potential area with 11% growth.

In order to perform, I believe that luxury companies must be able to produce absolute luxury items in order target High Net Worth individuals. By doing so, they will strengthen their brand image and develop a competitive advantage. As a consequence, they will then be able to market and sell accessories, perfumes or ready-to-wear products to a broader category of customers worldwide.

Ferragamo is well positioned to benefit from the major growth engines of the luxury industry

The Italian company is well positioned to benefit from the major growth engines of the luxury industry thanks to a strong product and geographical diversification. Ferragamo offers all the products that should experience increasing sales in the upcoming years and is already well implemented in the growing areas.

First of all, Ferragamo is well diversified in terms of products. The Italian company's footwear and leather products can be considered as absolute luxury items and the Group can easily target High Net Worth individuals.

The Italian group is also present on other growing segments such as accessories, which should boost the revenues in the upcoming years. The ready-to-wear and accessories divisions developed by the company make it possible to target HENRYs and emerging markets middle classes, which is very positive.

The company can finally benefit from a growing perfume division (+13.7% yoy) that should provide long-term growth and resist to slower economies.

€m	2013	2012	Variation (%)	% 2013	% 2012
Footwear	544	506	7.5	43.2	43.9
leather goods	419	360	16.4	33.3	31.2
Ready to wear	103	108	-4.5	8.2	9.4
Accessories	91	90	1.2	7.2	7.8
Perfumes	80	70	13.7	6.3	6.1
Other	21	19	13.3	1.7	1.6

Source: Company

The Italian company also has a balanced geographical diversification with a good exposure to Asia (46.3%) and emerging markets in general (41.8%). The growing revenues from North America and the US are also very positive considering that the economy is improving. I finally like the fact that Ferragamo already operates in Latin America and progressively increases its exposure to Brazil and Mexico.

Be that as it may, the Italian company is present in all the markets where the luxury industry is growing.

€m	2013	2012	Variation (%)	% 2013	% 2012
Europe	326	289	12.8	25.9	25.1
North America	290	257	13.0	23.1	22.3
Japan	116	134	-13.5	9.2	11.6
Asia	467	420	11.0	37.1	36.5
Latin America	59	52	12.5	4.7	4.5

Source: Company

Ferragamo will generate a safe and long-term flow of increasing revenues

We have already seen that the Italian company should benefit from all the major growth engines of the luxury industry. I believe that Ferragamo is also one of the few luxury brands that can maintain a strong image, generate increasing revenues and last forever.

This is mainly due to the brand image, the focus on quality and the corporate governance.

- Ferragamo benefits from a brand heritage strongly linked with Italy and the Italian style. The company has been producing luxury items for more than 80 years and the brand is still associated to the founder: Salvatore Ferragamo.

- The Italian company offers superior quality products supported by the "Made in Italy" standard carried out by many carefully selected workshops. I believe that Ferragamo's products have the potential to become luxury icons and last forever. For instance, the company produces "extreme luxury shoes", made-to-order women's evening shoes that are real pieces of art.

- Ferragamo's corporate governance is strong, which is a key asset in order to generate long-term growth. The board of directors is made of people from different backgrounds that are able to manage the business adequately. Ferragamo is also still owned by the family through Ferragamo Finanziaria, which ensures a long-term commitment. I believe that the interests of the long-term investors and the family are aligned.

Source: Company

Ferragamo is finally one of the most powerful families in Florence and they maintain a good relationship with Matteo Renzi, former mayor of Florence and now Prime Minister, which is a key asset in Italy.

Investment thesis

Ferragamo is a strong investment for long-term investors who want to get a diversified exposure to the luxury industry.

The Italian company has a strong brand image and a Premium positioning, which guarantees a long-term growth and increasing revenues.

The Italian company is well positioned to benefit from all the major growth engines of the luxury industry in the upcoming years.

Valuation

In order to get an indicative value of the share, I ran a DCF model based on the following assumptions:

1. Long-term growth rate: 5%
2. WACC: 10% (luxury industry)
3. EBIT margin: 20%
4. Tax rate: 31.4% (KPMG)
5. Capex: 5% of revenues

(click to enlarge)

According to the model, the fair value of the share is about €30.7 ($42.4) compared with the current price of €22.7 ($31.3).

Risks

There are several risks to take into account:

• A slowdown of the Chinese economy would impact negatively the revenues as Ferragamo is mainly exposed to Asia.
• A switch of the demand from footwear & leather goods to more ready-to-wear products would be a real issue.
• Incapacity to increase the operating margins. Ferragamo still lags behind its peers in terms of operating margins.

2013	Ferragamo	Tod's	Prada (9M13)	Hermes (2012)
EBITDA margin (%)	20.7	24.4	31.9	35.5
EBIT margin (%)	17.4	20.0	26.3	32.1

Conclusion

Ferragamo is a strong investment to get exposure to the luxury industry. The Italian company has a great positioning on the Premium segment and a diversified profile. As a consequence, Ferragamo should be able to benefit from the major growth engines of the luxury industry and generate increasing revenues in the upcoming years.

However Ferragamo still needs to improve the operating margins in order to become more profitable and outperform its peers.

Finally, it might not be a good time to buy the stock as a downtrend appears to be going on. The stock price could be impacted negatively by the recent pullback of the main luxury goods companies including LVMH and Kering.

(click to enlarge)

Source: Yahoo finance

Source:

Editor's Note: This article covers a stock trading at less than $1 per share and/or has less than a $100 million market cap. Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.

http://seekingalpha.com/article/2087323-ferragamo-offers-a-diversified-and-long-term-exposure-to-the-luxury-industry?source=email_investing_ideas_lon_ide_13_17&ifp=0

Everything You Need to Know About Finance and Investing in Under an Hour (A good introduction)

@ 13.00  What is risk?
@ 15.30  How to grow the business?
@ 17.40  How to Value a Business?
@ 21.37  Investing (Compounding)  Start Early, Avoid Losses, Compound at high rates of return.
@ 24.00  Avoiding significant losses.  Rule 1:  Never lose money
@ 25.00  Rules for Successful Investing:
@ 33.30  When to Invest?
@ 34.40  The Psychology of Investing
@ 35.50  How to withstand market volatility
@ 36.50  Mutual funds
@ 42.30  Investing in Yourself (Author read the Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham at age of 22)


Rules for Successful Investing:
Don't invest in start-ups
Aim for 10% - 15% per year
Invest in public companies
Understand how the company makes money
Invest at a reasonable price
Invest in a company that you could own forever
Find a company with very little debt
Find a company with profits that far outweigh its interest payments
Look for high barriers to entry
Invest in a company immune to extrinsic factors
Invest in a company with low reinvestment cost
Avoid businesses with controlling shareholders


The Best Investments:
Don't require a lot of reinvestment capital
Generate a healthy cash flow to pay out in dividends to shareholders.


Examples:  Coca Cola, McDonalds
Find a business that:
1.  You understand
2.  Has a record of success
3.  Makes an attractive profit
4.  Can grow over time.


Businesses that last:
1.  Sell a product people need
2.  Sell a unique product (franchise product)
3.  Elicit brand loyalty consumers are willing to pay for


How to withstand market volatility:
Be financially secure
Don't get spooked by short-term fluctuations
Do your own work
Invest at a reasonable price (relative to the earnings)


A good money manager:
1.  Can easily explain investment strategy (in 2 mins)
2.  Has a good reputation
3.  Has a value approach
4.  Has a successful track record of at least 5 years
5.  Has a consistent approach
6.  Invests own money in the fund.



WILLIAM ACKMAN, Activist Investor and Hedge-Fund Manager

We all want to be financially stable and enjoy a well-funded retirement, and we don't want to throw out our hard earned money on poor investments. But most of us don't know the first thing about finance and investing. Acclaimed value investor William Ackman teaches you what it takes to finance and grow a successful business and how to make sound investments that will grant you to a cash-comfy retirement.

The Floating University
Originally released September 2011.